ArticleGut2021
HBV vaccination and HBV infection induces HBV-specific natural killer cell memory.
Article in Gut, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Natural killer cells against viral infection: from basic biology to immunotherapy.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Engineering a dual-antigen mRNA vaccine to restore immune control in chronic hepatitis B.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Intranasal S-2P and lentinan formulation confers broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 VOCs via IFN-γ-dominant mechanisms.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Bromodomain and extra-terminal protein inhibitors modulate natural killer cell function and differentiation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Prospective Cohort Study of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients: Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses and the Role of Innate Immunity.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Mechanisms of Immune Tolerance Induced by Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Essential role of CD56Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Natural killer cell therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive review.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Systems vaccinology identifies immunological correlates of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response in solid organ transplant recipients.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Nutrient-gene therapy as a strategy to enhance CAR T cell function and overcome barriers in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Elephant in the room: natural killer cells don't forget HIV either.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Post-translational modification of NK cell receptors offers clues to antigenic specificity riddle.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Exosomes target HBV-host interactions to remodel the hepatic immune microenvironment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Article
- Autologous T-Cell-Free Antigen Presentation System Unveils hCMV-Specific NK Cell Response.Cells · 2024Article
- Antigen-specific memory NK cell responses against HIV and influenza use the NKG2/HLA-E axis.Science immunology · 2023Article
- OMIP-098: A 26 parameter, 24 color flow cytometry panel for human memory NK cell phenotyping.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2023Article
- Natural killer cell responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in people living with HIV-1.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveVaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) confers protection from subsequent infection through immunological memory that is traditionally considered the domain of the adaptive immune system. This view has been challenged following the identification of antigen-specific memory natural killer cells (mNKs) in mice and non-human primates. While the presence of mNKs has been suggested in humans based on the expansion of NK cells following pathogen exposure, evidence regarding antigen-specificity is lacking. Here, we demonstrate the existence of HBV-specific mNKs in humans after vaccination and in chronic HBV infection.
designNK cell responses were evaluated by flow cytometry and ELISA following challenge with HBV antigens in HBV vaccinated, non-vaccinated and chronic HBV-infected individuals.
resultsNK cells from vaccinated subjects demonstrated higher cytotoxic and proliferative responses against autologous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-pulsed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) compared with unvaccinated subjects. Moreover, NK cell lysis of HBsAg-pulsed moDCs was significantly higher than that of hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg)-pulsed moDCs (non-vaccine antigen) or tumour necrosis factor α-activated moDCs in a NKG2D-dependent manner. The mNKs response was mediated by CD56
conclusionsOur data support the presence of a mature mNKs following HBV antigen exposure either through vaccination or infection. Harnessing these antigen specific, functionally active mNKs provides an opportunity to develop novel treatments targeting HBV in chronic infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.