Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32228701›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2020

Insect repellents mediate species-specific olfactory behaviours in mosquitoes.

Ali Afify, Christopher J Potter

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
4.1field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

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  12. The alkenes Z9-CNature communications · 2025
    Article
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  14. Making scents of mosquito repellents.Trends in parasitology · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ali AfifyThe Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
Christopher J PotterThe Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, The Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. cpotter@jhmi.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5223-8112
Johns Hopkins University · US

Funding

Olfactory receptors and neurons regulating odor-guided behaviors in mosquitoesR01AI137078 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI POTTER, CHRISTOPHER JOHN · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (US) Pilot FundJohns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (US) Postdoctoral FellowshipNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases R01Al137078NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI137078U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-17-PRMRP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe species-specific mode of action for DEET and many other mosquito repellents is often unclear. Confusion may arise for many reasons. First, the response of a single mosquito species is often used to represent all mosquito species. Second, behavioural studies usually test the effect of repellents on mosquito attraction towards human odorants, rather than their direct repulsive effect on mosquitoes. Third, the mosquito sensory neuron responses towards repellents are often not directly examined.

methodsA close proximity response assay was used to test the direct repulsive effect of six mosquito repellents on Anopheles coluzzii, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Additionally, the behavioural assay and calcium imaging recordings of antennae were used to test the response of An. coluzzii mosquitoes towards two human odorants (1-octen-3-ol and benzaldehyde) at different concentrations, and mixtures of the repellents lemongrass oil and p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD) with DEET.

resultsAnopheles coluzzii mosquitoes were repelled by lemongrass oil and PMD, while Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were repelled by lemongrass oil, PMD, eugenol, and DEET. In addition, high concentrations of 1-octen-3-ol and benzaldehyde were repellent, and activated more olfactory receptor neurons on the An. coluzzii antennae than lower concentrations. Finally, changes in olfactory responses to repellent mixtures reflected changes in repulsive behaviours.

conclusionsThe findings described here suggest that different species of mosquitoes have different behavioural responses to repellents. The data further suggest that high-odour concentrations may recruit repellent-sensing neurons, or generally excite many olfactory neurons, yielding repellent behavioural responses. Finally, DEET can decrease the neuronal and behavioural response of An. coluzzii mosquitoes towards PMD but not towards lemongrass oil. Overall, these studies can help inform mosquito repellent choice by species, guide decisions on effective repellent blends, and could ultimately identify the olfactory neurons and receptors in mosquitoes that mediate repellency.

Indexed as

Olfactory PerceptionAedesAnimalsAnophelesAvoidance LearningBenzaldehydesCulexDEETDose-Response Relationship, DrugEugenolFemaleInsect RepellentsOctanolsOdorantsPlant OilsSpecies Specificity1-octen-3-olbenzaldehydeBenzaldehydesDEETEugenolInsect Repellentslemongrass oilOctanolsPlant OilsTerpenesBehaviourCalcium imagingHuman odorantsMaskingOlfactionOlfactory neuronsQ-systemSpatial repellents

Identifiers

PMID32228701
PMCPMC7106743
OpenAlexW3013059076

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.