ArticleBMC psychiatry2020
Preoperative anxiety in adults - a cross-sectional study on specific fears and risk factors.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 103 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Warm Hand Bath in Improving Anxiety Before Lower Limbs Surgery Among Middle-aged and Older Patients
Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess Preoperative Acupuncture for Patients Undergoing Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty
Can Preoperative Information Via Virtual Reality Affect Patient's Anxiety? A Randomized Controlled Trial and Patient Interviews
Information and Music Therapy as a Means of Reducing Preoperative Anxiety in Outpatient Surgery. Outpatient Surgery: a Before-and-after Study
The Effect of Anaesthesia Technique on Preoperative Fear of Death and Anxiety in Upper Extremity Surgery Patients
Fear and Anesthesia: How Anxiety and Fear in Anesthesia-Naïve Patients Changes From Preop to Postop
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Motivational Interviews for Alleviating Pre- and Postoperative Anxiety and Postoperative Pain Among Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- The Number Needed to Treat for Music as a Medicine against Perioperative Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2026Pooled it
- Preoperative anxiety assessment in orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International orthopaedics · 2025Pooled it
- Preoperative visit-care for transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a review.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- The Real-Time Support Role of Augmented Reality Technology in Shared Decision-Making in Neurosurgery Under the SEGUE Framework: Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Trial
- Effects of dexmedetomidine nasal spray on perioperative anxiety and quality of postoperative recovery in patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Effect of music intervention on preoperative anxiety, a randomised clinical study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Pharmacodynamics study of remimazolam besylate in anxious patients undergoing gastroscopy: a biased-coin design up-and-down sequential allocation trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- The 95% Effective Duration of Music for Anxiolysis Before Elective Cesarean Delivery.A&A practice · 2025Trial
- The Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream Combined with or Without Remimazolam on VAS and APAIS Anxiety Score in Patient Undergoing Spinal Anesthesia.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Comparing Preoperative Anxiety Effects of Brachial Plexus Block and General Anesthesia for Orthopedic Upper-Extremity Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Anxiolytic effects of chewing gum during preoperative fasting and patient-centered outcome in female patients undergoing elective gynecologic surgery: randomized controlled study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Application of a protective sleeve is associated with decreased occupational anxiety during endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2021Trial
- A randomized clinical trial of an eHealth intervention on anxiety in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.The British journal of surgery · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Distinct EEG Features and Sleep/Wake Behaviour Predict Anxiety Phenotypes in Mice.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Anxiety disorders in China and G20 countries: A comparative burden study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Preoperative COVID-19 Fear and Anxiety Level Undergoing Elective Surgery Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing open · 2026Observational
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPreoperative anxiety comprising anesthesia and surgery related anxiety is common and perceived by many patients as the worst aspect of the surgical episode. The aim of this study was to identify independent predictors of these three anxieties dimensions and to quantify the relevance of specific fears particularly associated with anesthesia.
methodsThis study was part of a cross-sectional survey in patients scheduled to undergo elective surgery. Anxiety levels were measured with the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS). Modified numeric rating scales (mNRS, range 0-10) were used to assess the severity of eight selected specific fears which were predominantly analyzed descriptively. Multivariate stepwise linear regression was applied to determine independent predictors of all three anxiety dimensions (APAIS anxiety subscales).
results3087 of the 3200 enrolled patients were analyzed. Mean (SD) total preoperative anxiety (APAIS-A-T, range 4-20) was 9.9 (3.6). High anxiety (APAIS-A-T > 10) was reported by 40.5% of subjects. Mean (SD) levels of concern regarding the eight studied specific fears ranged from 3.9 (3.08) concerning "Anesthesiologist error" to 2.4 (2.29) concerning "Fatigue and drowsiness" with an average of 3.2 (2.84) concerning all specific fears. Ranking of all specific fears according to mean mNRS scores was almost identical in patients with high versus those with low anxiety. Among nine independent predictors of anxiety, only 3 variables (female gender, negative and positive anesthetic experience) independently predicted all three APAIS anxiety subscales. Other variables had a selective impact on one or two APAIS anxiety subscales only. Female gender had the strongest impact on all three APAIS anxiety subscales. Adjusted r
conclusionsThe high variability of importance assigned to all specific fears suggests an individualized approach is advisable when support of anxious patients is intended. Considering independent predictors of anxiety to estimate each patient's anxiety level is of limited use given the very low predictive capacity of all three models. The clinical benefit of dividing patients into those with high and low anxiety is questionable.
trial registrationGerman Registry of Clinical Trials (DRKS00016725), retrospectively registered.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.