ArticleBMC neurology2020
Cytokine dysregulation persists in childhood post Neonatal Encephalopathy.
Article in BMC neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infantile Cocktail of Erythropoietin and Melatonin Restores Gait in Adult Rats with Preterm Brain Injury.Developmental neuroscience · 2022Trial
- The role of persistent inflammation in failed recovery after perinatal brain injury: is resolution the cure?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Sex differences in preterm cytokine and inflammasome responses and modulation by exogenous sex steroids.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Infection and neonatal encephalopathy.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Beyond the Neutrophil Count: Functional Profiling and Targeted Modulation of Neutrophils in Paediatric Care.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Review
- The placenta as a window into neonatal brain injury.Seminars in perinatology · 2025Review
- The relationship between functional status and hematological parameters in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Early immune modulation in cerebral palsy medical management of cerebral palsy series.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Serum cytokine profiles at near term-equivalent age and their association with neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: an exploratory study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Cytokine dysregulation in children with severe neurological impairment correlates with significant clinical outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Severe neurological impairment and immune function: altered neutrophils, monocytes, T lymphocytes, and inflammasome activation.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- The MR1/MAIT cell axis in CNS diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Review
- Targeting neuroinflammation after therapeutic hypothermia for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in term infants: present and future.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Chorioamnionitis disrupts erythropoietin and melatonin homeostasis through the placental-fetal-brain axis during critical developmental periods.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in neonatal brain injury and inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Distinct and Dynamic Transcriptome Adaptations of iPSC-Generated Astrocytes after Cytokine Stimulation.Cells · 2022Article
- A novel multifunctional anti-PD-L1-CD16a-IL15 induces potent cancer cell killing in PD-L1-positive tumour cells.Translational oncology · 2022Article
- Elevated serum IL-10 is associated with severity of neonatal encephalopathy and adverse early childhood outcomes.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways: A possible cause of cerebral palsy.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCytokines are possible mediators of neuroinflammation and associated with adverse outcome in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). Our aim was to explore cytokine response in children with Neonatal Encephalopathy (NE) at school age compared to age-matched controls.
methodFollow up at school age, children who had NE and age-matched controls were assessed for their cytokine responses and neurodevelopment outcome. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the serum, [Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF β, Interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), erythropoietin (EPO), IL-10 & IL-1RA] were measured at baseline and in response to in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS: endotoxin).
resultsGM-CSF, TNF-β, IL-2 IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated at school age following NE (n = 40) compared to controls (n = 37). A rise in GM-CSF, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, & IL-6 were seen in NE group following LPS stimulation. Relative LPS hypo-responsiveness was also noted in children with severe NE with IL-10, VEGF, EPO and TNF-β. Elevated TNF-β was associated with low gross motor scores on assessment at school age.
conclusionSchool-age children post-NE had significantly altered cytokine responses to endotoxin compared to controls. TNF-β was associated with adverse developmental outcomes. This suggests the inflammatory process may persist into childhood and a longer therapeutic window may be available for neuroprotection therapies.
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Registered trials
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