ReviewInternational journal of biological sciences2020
Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses.
Review in International journal of biological sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04998214 (Hepatic Manifestations and Effect of Long COVID-19 on Patients With Chronic Liver Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 445 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Hepatic Manifestations and Effect of Long COVID-19 on Patients With Chronic Liver Disease
Who cites it
445 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 972 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detection of coronaviruses in insectivorous bats of Fore-Caucasus, 2021.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2023Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of ABO blood group on the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Structural characterization of HCoV-229E and H163A main protease (MBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Sarbecoviruses Suppress Innate Immunity by Recruiting PPM1A to Modulate STAT2 and ORF9b Phosphorylation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Repurposing screens reveal a role for PKCη and NF1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- IFI16 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication by disrupting nucleocapsid-driven phase separation.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Human Coronavirus 229E Uses ORF4/4a to Antagonize the Host Restriction Factor SERINC5.MedComm · 2026Article
- Molecular detection of endemic coronaviruses and enterovirus D68 in respiratory samples from 2016 in Panama: a retrospective study.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Review
- Bioinformatics-driven genome-wide identification of viral miRNAs in high spillover bat coronaviruses and their target genes in human.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Heterologous saRNA prime - multivalent protein boost strategy induces broad and durable immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Circulation of Human Coronaviruses in SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza-negative patients with respiratory infections during Ghana's 2021 COVID-19 pandemic.Ghana medical journal · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization of Calu-3 Cells from Submerged to Air-Liquid Interface to Model Lung Infections.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: an 8-year interrupted time series study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Surveillance of Swine Coronaviruses in Hungarian Herds with a Newly Established Pan-Coronavirus RT-PCR System.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Genetic diversity of alpha and betacoronaviruses in cave and temple-roosting bats in Vientiane Province, Lao PDR.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Role of Immunosenescence and Inflammaging in the Susceptibility of Older Adults to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation Improves Serological Parameters and Recovery Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Observational
- Article
385 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years. Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold. The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV. HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well. Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic. The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known. Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases. Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans. In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission. Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination. The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context. In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.