ArticlePloS one2020
Gender-based vulnerability in women who inject drugs in a harm reduction setting.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sexually transmitted infection prevalence and testing coverage among people who inject drugs: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Pooled it
- The HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis continuum of care among women who inject drugs: A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Violence Against Women Who Inject Drugs.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Let the girls know, "you can come here": qualitative experiences with harm reduction and health services among women who use drugs in Chicago.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- "He will still know where I live": harm reduction for women who use drugs and experience Gender-Based violence.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to condom use among People Who Inject Drugs in Georgia: A qualitative study guided by the COM-B model.PloS one · 2026Article
- "The Simplest Way to Go": An Exploration of Why Women Who Inject Drugs Chose Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Instead of Daily Oral PrEP.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Barriers, beliefs, and biomedical prevention: a qualitative study of PrEP among justice-involved peripregnant women who use drugs.Health & justice · 2025Article
- Understanding HIV vulnerability among women who inject drugs in Mozambique, 2023.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Characteristics of women on opioid substitution therapy in primary healthcare in Tshwane (South Africa): a retrospective observational study.BJGP open · 2025Article
- Acceptability and use determinants of digital health technologies for HIV services: a qualitative study of emergency care patients in Nairobi, Kenya.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Fostering Safety, Support, and Hope: A Qualitative Study of Multistakeholder Perspectives on Designing Health Care Services for Women Who Use Drugs in Seattle, Washington, 2023.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Infective Endocarditis Among Women Who Inject Drugs.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Intersections between syndemic conditions and stages along the continuum of overdose risk among women who inject drugs in Mexicali, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Gender Differences in HIV, HCV risk and Prevention Needs Among People who Inject drug in Vietnam.AIDS and behavior · 2023Article
- Integrated Supports for Women and Girls Experiencing Substance Use and Complex Needs.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2023Article
- "I would rather do it myself": injection initiation and current injection patterns among women who inject drugs in Tijuana, Mexico.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Peer-assisted injection as a harm reduction measure in a supervised consumption service: a qualitative study of client experiences.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Women and barriers to harm reduction services: a literature review and initial findings from a qualitative study in Barcelona, Spain.Harm reduction journal · 2020Review
- Complementary therapies in substance use recovery with pregnant women and girls.Women's health (London, England)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsIn comparison with men, women who use drugs (WWUD) have considerably more frequent and intense experiences with interpersonal violence, sexual abuse and trauma. The aim of this study was to identify issues related to gender-based vulnerability in a group of WWUD attended in a harm reduction facility in Madrid, Spain. MATERIAL AND
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted during a screening of blood borne infections. We included WWUD (smoked or injected heroin/cocaine) who were actively screened for HIV, HBV and HCV in a harm reduction setting in Madrid (Spain) from January to December 2017. WWUD were interviewed for gender-based abuse or violence using a face-to-face questionnaire by a trained interviewer. Aspects related to their social-epidemiological condition and gender-based vulnerability were collected.
resultsWe included 109 women who were actively using drugs. The median age was 39 (IQR 35-47) years, 84.4% were Spanish born, 22.9% were homeless, 43 (41.7%) had ever used injected drugs, 29 (26.6%) were currently using injected drugs, and 27.1% had mental health disorders. Aspects related to gender-based vulnerability were collected. Among those surveyed, they reported having ever suffered emotional or psychological damage (88%), having experienced at least one incident of serious physical injury by a male partner (71%), and having ever suffered sexual abuse (49%). In addition, 28% had ever exchanged sex for money/drugs. When compared to women that did not use injecting drugs, those who injected drugs had more frequently exchanged sex for money/drugs (55% vs 21%, p = 0.003).
conclusionsA high proportion of WWUD suffer psychological or physical violence by partners denoting gender-based vulnerability. Interventions in harm reduction settings with a multidisciplinary and gender-based approach should be implemented.
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Registered trials
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