ReviewViruses2020
Key Role of the Influenza A Virus PA Gene Segment in the Emergence of Pandemic Viruses.
Review in Viruses, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Determinants Analysis of PB1 and PB2 Genes in H5N1 Avian Influenza Strains from Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Enhanced genome replication activity of pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus through PA mutations.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Regulatory hotspot on the influenza A virus polymerase revealed through the structure of the NEP-polymerase complex.Science advances · 2026Article
- Emergence of mammalian-adaptive PB2 mutations enhances polymerase activity and pathogenicity of cattle-derived H5N1 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Identification and Characterization of a Metal Binding-Independent Rift Valley Fever Virus Endonuclease Inhibitor.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comparative Mutational Analysis and the Glycosylation Patterns of a Peruvian Isolated Avian Influenza A Virus H5N1: Exploring Possible Viral Spillover Events Within One Health Approach.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Functional Analysis of GRSF1 in the Nuclear Export and Translation of Influenza A Virus mRNAs.Viruses · 2024Article
- Review
- Existing Evidence for Influenza B Virus Adaptations to Drive Replication in Humans as the Primary Host.Viruses · 2023Review
- The Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5) in Poultry in Nigeria, 2021-2022.Viruses · 2023Article
- Host adaptive mutations in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza A virus PA gene regulate translation efficiency of viral mRNAs via GRSF1.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Article
- YWHAG inhibits influenza a virus replication by suppressing the release of viral M2 protein.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Analysis of Single Nucleotide Variants (SNVs) Induced by Passages of Equine Influenza Virus H3N8 in Embryonated Chicken Eggs.Viruses · 2021Article
- The influenza A virus host shutoff factor PA-X is rapidly turned over in a strain-specific manner.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Advances in Development and Application of Influenza Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- PA Mutations Inherited during Viral Evolution Act Cooperatively To Increase Replication of Contemporary H5N1 Influenza Virus with an Expanded Host Range.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Review
- Influenza A Virus: Host-Virus Relationships.Viruses · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a significant human pathogen that cause seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Avian waterfowl are the natural reservoir of IAVs, but a wide range of species can serve as hosts. Most IAV strains are adapted to one host species and avian strains of IAV replicate poorly in most mammalian hosts. Importantly, IAV polymerases from avian strains function poorly in mammalian cells but host adaptive mutations can restore activity. The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09) virus acquired multiple mutations in the PA gene that activated polymerase activity in mammalian cells, even in the absence of previously identified host adaptive mutations in other polymerase genes. These mutations in PA localize within different regions of the protein suggesting multiple mechanisms exist to activate polymerase activity. Additionally, an immunomodulatory protein, PA-X, is expressed from the PA gene segment. PA-X expression is conserved amongst many IAV strains but activity varies between viruses specific for different hosts, suggesting that PA-X also plays a role in host adaptation. Here, we review the role of PA in the emergence of currently circulating H1N1pdm09 viruses and the most recent studies of host adaptive mutations in the PA gene that modulate polymerase activity and PA-X function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.