ArticleeLife2020
Co-evolution within structured bacterial communities results in multiple expansion of CRISPR loci and enhanced immunity.
Article in eLife, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lifestyle-dependent evolution and CtrA-mediated lifestyle transitions shape phage resistance in marine Roseobacter.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Single-colony resolution of CRISPR-Cas adaptation in E. coli reveals altered spacer-source bias during solid-phase growth.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Cas10 relieves host growth arrest to facilitate spacer retention during type III-A CRISPR-Cas immunity.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Development of the CRISPR-Cas12a system for editing ofiScience · 2024Article
- The Cas10 nuclease activity relieves host dormancy to facilitate spacer acquisition and retention during type III-A CRISPR immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- CRISPR arrays as high-resolution markers to track microbial transmission during influenza infection.Microbiome · 2023Article
- CRISPR-Cas effector specificity and cleavage site determine phage escape outcomes.PLoS biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Creating memories: molecular mechanisms of CRISPR adaptation.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2022Review
- Cleavage of viral DNA by restriction endonucleases stimulates the type II CRISPR-Cas immune response.Molecular cell · 2022Article
- Article
- Searching for fat tails in CRISPR-Cas systems: Data analysis and mathematical modeling.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Multiple Routes to Animal Consciousness: Constrained Multiple Realizability Rather Than Modest Identity Theory.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Phage Biocontrol of Campylobacter: A One Health Approach.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2021Review
- Prophages are associated with extensive CRISPR-Cas auto-immunity.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- It is unclear how important CRISPR-Cas systems are for protecting natural populations of bacteria against infections by mobile genetic elements.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Review
- Covalent Modifications of the Bacteriophage Genome Confer a Degree of Resistance to Bacterial CRISPR Systems.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Evolutionary Ecology and Interplay of Prokaryotic Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems.Current biology : CB · 2020Review
- An adaptable defense.eLife · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Type II CRISPR-Cas systems provide immunity against phages and plasmids that infect bacteria through the insertion of a short sequence from the invader's genome, known as the 'spacer', into the CRISPR locus. Spacers are transcribed into guide RNAs that direct the Cas9 nuclease to its target on the invader. In liquid cultures, most bacteria acquire a single spacer. Multiple spacer integration is a rare event which significance for immunity is poorly understood. Here, we found that when phage infections occur on solid media, a high proportion of the surviving colonies display complex morphologies that contain cells with multiple spacers. This is the result of the viral-host co-evolution, in which the immunity provided by the initial acquired spacer is easily overcome by escaper phages. Our results reveal the versatility of CRISPR-Cas immunity, which can respond with both single or multiple spacer acquisition schemes to solve challenges presented by different environments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.