ArticlePublic health nutrition2020
Healthful and less-healthful foods and drinks from storefront and non-storefront businesses: implications for 'food deserts', 'food swamps' and food-source disparities.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Street Food Availability on Nutritional Intake and Diet-Related Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic literature review of instruments that measure the healthfulness of food and beverages sold in informal food outlets.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Pooled it
- Nutrition security under constraint: food shopping, cooking, and structural barriers among Mexican immigrants in the Bronx, NYC.Food, culture, & society · 2026Article
- Estimated prebiotic intake and depression in US adults: repeated cross-sectional analyses of NHANES 2015-2018 and 2021-2023.Journal of nutritional science · 2026Article
- Food environment in Brazil: food deserts and food swamps in large urban cities.Revista de saude publica · 2026Article
- Cultural adaptations of a group exercise intervention for diverse outpatients in an urban community to improve exercise engagement and mood outcomes.Translational behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Development, validity and reliability of the street food and beverage tool.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Hispanic Women.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Observational
- What North American retail food environment indices miss in Guatemala: Cultural considerations for the study of place and health.Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England) · 2024Article
- Food Environments and Their Influence on Food Choices: A Case Study in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Evaluating Closures of Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Vendors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Methodology and Preliminary Results Using Omnidirectional Street View Imagery.JMIR formative research · 2021Article
- A Model Depicting the Retail Food Environment and Customer Interactions: Components, Outcomes, and Future Directions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Racial Differences in Perceived Food Swamp and Food Desert Exposure and Disparities in Self-Reported Dietary Habits.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Change in an urban food environment within a single year: Considerations for food-environment research and community health.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveConceptualisations of 'food deserts' (areas lacking healthful food/drink) and 'food swamps' (areas overwhelm by less-healthful fare) may be both inaccurate and incomplete. Our objective was to more accurately and completely characterise food/drink availability in urban areas.
designCross-sectional assessment of select healthful and less-healthful food/drink offerings from storefront businesses (stores, restaurants) and non-storefront businesses (street vendors).
settingTwo areas of New York City: the Bronx (higher-poverty, mostly minority) and the Upper East Side (UES; wealthier, predominantly white).
participantsAll businesses on 63 street segments in the Bronx (n 662) and on 46 street segments in the UES (n 330).
resultsGreater percentages of businesses offered any, any healthful, and only less-healthful food/drink in the Bronx (42·0 %, 37·5 %, 4·4 %, respectively) than in the UES (30 %, 27·9 %, 2·1 %, respectively). Differences were driven mostly by businesses (e.g. newsstands, gyms, laundromats) not primarily focused on selling food/drink - 'other storefront businesses' (OSBs). OSBs accounted for 36·0 % of all food/drink-offering businesses in the Bronx (more numerous than restaurants or so-called 'food stores') and 18·2 % in the UES (more numerous than 'food stores'). Differences also related to street vendors in both the Bronx and the UES. If street vendors and OSBs were not captured, the missed percentages of street segments offering food/drink would be 14·5 % in the Bronx and 21·9 % in the UES.
conclusionsOf businesses offering food/drink in communities, OSBs and street vendors can represent substantial percentages. Focusing on only 'food stores' and restaurants may miss or mischaracterise 'food deserts', 'food swamps', and food/drink-source disparities between communities.
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