ArticleEnvironmental research2020
Dietary contributions to increased background lead, mercury, and cadmium in 9-11 Year old children: Accounting for racial differences.
Article in Environmental research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The costs and benefits of striving: Subclinical cardiovascular disease, depression, and hostility as children navigate adversity.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of the BDNF Gene by Molybdenum in 9 to 11-Year-Old Children: A Targeted Gene DNA Methylation Study.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Article
- Linking soil-metal concentrations with children's blood and urine biomarkers in Syracuse, NY.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Heavy Metal Contamination: Sources, Health Impacts, and Sustainable Mitigation Strategies with Insights from Nigerian Case Studies.F1000Research · 2025Review
- Race, cortisol, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in 9- to 11-year-old children.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2023Article
- Consumer health risk assessment of Arsenic and Mercury in hen eggs through Monte Carlo simulations.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Exposure to Arsenic and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in 9- to 11-Year-Old Children, Syracuse, New York.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Airborne levels of cadmium are correlated with urinary cadmium concentrations among young children living in the New York state city of Syracuse, USA.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Mask Protection Against Lead Exposure and Its Correlation with Erythropoiesis in Automotive Body Painters at Ligu District, Semarang, Indonesia.Journal of blood medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInitial interest in the adverse consequences of exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) focused on relatively high exposures through environmental or occupational sources; however, recent evidence suggests even low-level background exposure to non-essential metals might be detrimental, particularly for children's health and development. One potentially important source of increased background levels of non-essential toxic metals is diet.
objectivesWe considered whether differences in diet are associated with levels of non-essential metals in blood and whether racial differences in metals are mediated by dietary differences.
methodsWe assessed blood levels of Pb, Hg, and Cd in a sample of 9-11 year-old children (N = 295) comprised of 42% European Americans (EAs), 58% African American (AAs), and 47% female. Diet was assessed using 24-h dietary recalls during phone interviews administered to parents on two consecutive days (Friday and Saturday). The Healthy Eating Index-2105 (HEI-2015) was calculated to assess diet quality.
resultsThe current study identified significant dietary sources of non-essential metal exposure - namely total fruit for Pb, total protein for Hg, and greens and beans for Cd. Moreover, AAs were found to have significantly higher blood levels of Pb and Hg than EAs and these racial differences were significantly mediated by these dietary differences. DISCUSSION: This study is one of very few to consider total diet in children and exposure to the non-essential metals Pb, Hg, and Cd, and the first to demonstrate that racial differences in increased background blood levels of non-essential toxic metals can be accounted for by racial differences in diet. Given regional differences in food consumption patterns and specific farm and store sources for the foods, the generalizability of the current findings has yet to be determined; however, commonly consumed foods appear to be a significant source of low-level non-essential metals.
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