ArticleJournal of neurology2020
Long-term outcomes in temporal lobe epilepsy with glutamate decarboxylase antibodies.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Clinical spectrum, neuroimaging and therapeutic response to neurological syndromes associated with anti-GAD65].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Review
- Neuroimmunology of Epilepsy: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Clinical Insights.Epilepsy currents · 2026Article
- Timing, Composition, and Clinical Correlates of Immunotherapy Response in GAD65 Antibody-Associated Epilepsy: A Literature-Derived Patient-Level Analysis of 375 Published Cases.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation in GAD65 Antibody-Associated Epilepsy Measured Using [Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Treatment of anti-GAD65 antibody-positive epilepsy and cerebellar ataxia with efgartigimod: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Prognostic factors and a preliminary prognostic model in anti-GAD antibody-associated epilepsy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Stereo-EEG associated anti-GAD65 autoimmune encephalitis - A report of two cases.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Risk of Epilepsy and Factors Associated With Time to Seizure Remission in Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis: Long-Term Outcome in 236 Patients.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Observational
- Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated With Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Antibodies: Defining a Distinct Epilepsy Syndrome.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- New-onset drug-resistant epilepsy in type 1 diabetes mellitus patient following COVID-19 vaccination: suspicious for autoimmune pathogenesis.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Anti-GAD65 Antibodies Related Refractory Epilepsy Successfully Treated with Tocilizumab: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Article
- Autoimmune GAD-positive rhombencephalitis with rare manifestation: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Seizure Outcomes in Antibody-Positive Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 Antibody-associated Epilepsy and Diplopia: Two Case Reports with Literature Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Review
- Autoimmune encephalitis in a resource-limited public health setting: a case series analysis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Article
- Cenobamate and Clobazam Combination as Personalized Medicine in Autoimmune-Associated Epilepsy With Anti-Gad65 Antibodies.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Temporal lobe epilepsy with GAD antibodies: neurons killed by T cells not by complement membrane attack complex.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Seizure semiology and predictors of outcomes in Chinese patients with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated neurological syndrome.BMC neurology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the long-term outcomes of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and CSF anti-glutamate decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65-Abs).
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of 35 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and CSF GAD65-Abs, collected from January 1993 to December 2016 and assessed cognitive impairment and seizure activity at last visit. Cognitive impairment was considered significant if impacting on daily life activities. Immunohistochemistry on rat brain slices and ELISA were used for antibody detection and titration.
resultsMedian age was 30 years (range 2-63), 32/35 (91%) patients were female, and median follow-up was 68 months (range 7-232). At presentation, 20 patients had isolated temporal lobe epilepsy and 15 patients had other limbic symptoms, including anterograde amnesia (n = 10) and behavioral disturbances (n = 5). Progressive clinical deterioration over follow-up was reported in 28/35 patients (80%), including gradual increase of memory impairment (n = 25), and apparition of behavioral disturbances (n = 4) or mood disorders (n = 18). At last follow-up, 24/35 (69%) patients had cognitive disturbances with an impact on patient's daily life activities, and 28/35 (80%) still had active seizures.
conclusionMost patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and CSF GAD65-Abs develop a chronic disease with progressive cognitive impairment and refractory epilepsy regardless of the presence of additional limbic symptoms at onset.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.