ArticlePsychopharmacology2020
Reduced regulatory T cells with increased proinflammatory response in patients with schizophrenia.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal links among gut microbiota, immune-inflammatory and compensatory immune-regulatory systems, and schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic reprogramming of central and peripheral immune cells in mental disorders: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Revealing the Oxidative Stress-Related Molecular Characteristics and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Schizophrenia through Integrated Gene Expression Data Analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- The Correlation of Blood Immune Cells with the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Autistic Traits in Schizophrenia: Immune Mechanisms and Inflammatory Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Variations in inflammatory regulators in male patients with chronic schizophrenia associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Immunophenotypes in psychosis: is it a premature inflamm-aging disorder?Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- The potential role of the p75 receptor in schizophrenia: neuroimmunomodulation and making life or death decisions.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Review
- Systemic inflammation and cortical neurochemistry in never-medicated first episode-psychosis individuals.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Neuro faces of beneficial T cells: essential in brain, impaired in aging and neurological diseases, and activated functionally by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides.Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Galectin-3 mediated risk of inflammation in stable schizophrenia, with only possible secondary consequences for cognition.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- Schizophrenia and Alarmins.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Markers in Patients Maintained on Antipsychotics: Comparison to Patients Off Antipsychotics and Normal Controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Emerging Roles of T Helper Cells in Non-Infectious Neuroinflammation: Savior or Sinner.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Influence of antipsychotics on metabolic syndrome risk in patients with schizophrenia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Schizophrenia Hypothesis: Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation of Fetal and Adult Immune Tolerance.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2022Article
- T regulatory cells as a potential therapeutic target in psychosis? Current challenges and future perspectives.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Roles of inflammation in intrinsic pathophysiology and antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic disturbances of schizophrenia.Behavioural brain research · 2021Review
- Comprehensive DNA Methylation Analysis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells Treated With Haloperidol and Risperidone.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo investigate whether circulating T cells including regulatory T cells (Treg) and derived cytokines contribute to the immune imbalance observed in schizophrenia.
methodsForty patients with schizophrenia and 40 age, sex, body mass index, education, and smoking status-matched healthy controls (HC) are included in the study. We stained cells with anti-CD14, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD19, anti-CD20, and anti-CD16/56. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and stained with the human FoxP3 kit containing anti-CD4/anti-CD25 and intracellular anti-Foxp3. PBMCs were cultured for 72 h and stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28. Cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A) were measured from the culture supernatant and plasma using the Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine bead array kit.
resultsIn comparison with HC, Treg percentages in schizophrenia were higher (1.17 ± 0.63 vs 0.81 ± 0.53, P = 0.005) in unstimulated but lower in the stimulated condition (0.73 ± 0.69 vs 0.97 ± 0.55, P = 0.011). Activated T cell percentages were higher in schizophrenia than HC in unstimulated (2.22 ± 0.78 vs 1.64 ± 0.89, P = 0.001) and stimulated (2.25 ± 1.01 vs 1.72 ± 1.00, P = 0.010) conditions. The culture supernatant levels of IL-6 (7505.17 ± 5170.07 vs 1787.81 ± 1363.32, P < 0.001), IL-17A (191.73 ± 212.49 vs 46.43 ± 23.99, P < 0.001), TNF-α (1557 ± 1059.69 vs 426.57 ± 174.62, P = 0.023), and IFN-γ (3204.13 ± 1397.06 vs 447.79 ± 270.13, P < 0.001); and plasma levels of IL-6 (3.83 ± 3.41vs 1.89 ± 1.14, P = 0.003) and IL-17A (1.20 ± 0.84 vs 0.83 ± 0.53, P = 0.033) were higher in patients with schizophrenia than HC.
conclusionOur explorative study shows reduced level of Foxp3 expressing Treg in a stimulated condition with induced levels of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.