ArticleNature communications2020
Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04521400 (the Investigation Into Beneficial Effects of High-dose Interferon Beta 1-a, Compared to Low-dose Interferon Beta 1-a in Moderate to Severe Covid-19), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,896 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
the Investigation Into Beneficial Effects of High-dose Interferon Beta 1-a, Compared to Low-dose Interferon Beta 1-a in Moderate to Severe Covid-19
Who cites it
1,896 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,380 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 in comorbid chronic diseased patients, pregnant and lactating women: pathophysiology, available drug treatment, and the most suitable protocol regimen in each group.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and post-vaccination severity: a systematic review.Immunologic research · 2024Pooled it
- Structural serology of polyclonal antibody responses to mRNA-1273 and NVX-CoV2373 COVID-19 vaccines.Cell reports · 2025Trial
- Comparable safety and non-inferior immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate PTX-COVID19-B and BNT162b2 in a phase 2 randomized, observer-blinded study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Chimeric SARS-CoV-2 vaccine vectors stably incorporating the functional glycoprotein of VSV.iScience · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal heterologous vaccination relies on type I interferons at priming to enhance mucosal immunity.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- β-Cell Dysfunction in COVID-19 and Post-COVID Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Insulin Secretion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immune evasion, infectivity, and membrane fusion of SARS-CoV-2 variants LP.8.1.1, XEC.25.1, XFG, and NB.1.8.1.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Immunological Evaluation of mRNA-LNP Vaccines Targeting Conserved S2 and NSP3 Domains of SARS-CoV-2.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Development of a recombinant single-cycle influenza viral vector as an intranasal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Engineering Viral Surface Antigens to Improve Display on Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccine Prototypes.Biotech (Basel (Switzerland)) · 2026Article
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Behind the membranous curtain-lipid dynamics and functions in coronaviral replication.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Article
- Endolysosomal trafficking regulator SH-BC-893 inhibits coronavirus entry in vitro and in vivo.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- NAADP elicits two-pore channel currents by lifting Lsm12-mediated inhibition of PI(3,5)PbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- VPS26A retromer complex and SNX27 mediate stress-induced Golgi bypass of membrane proteins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen identifies host factors essential for bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 replication.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Prophylactic Effect of Bromhexine Hydrochloride.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
1,836 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since 2002, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, little is currently known about the biology of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system, we confirm that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, find that SARS-CoV-2 enters 293/hACE2 cells mainly through endocytosis, that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for entry, and that SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV S. Polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 inhibit entry of SARS-CoV S but not SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Further studies using recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients' sera show limited cross-neutralization, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.