Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32220308›Full record

ArticleCell2020

Hand Knob Area of Premotor Cortex Represents the Whole Body in a Compositional Way.

Francis R Willett, Darrel R Deo, Donald T Avansino, Paymon Rezaii, Leigh R Hochberg, Jaimie M Henderson, Krishna V Shenoy

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed
11.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. Distinct Neural Modes Carry Information About Attempted Grasp Timing and Force in the Sensorimotor Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026
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46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Francis R WillettDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Electronic address: fwillett@stanford.edu.
Darrel R DeoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Donald T AvansinoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Paymon RezaiiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Leigh R HochbergVA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Rehabilitation R&D Service, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Jaimie M HendersonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Krishna V ShenoyDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford University · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USAllen Institute for Brain Science · USNeurosciences Institute · US

Funding

Engaging new cognitive and motor signals to improve communication prosthesesR01DC014034 · NIDCD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JAIMIE M HENDERSON · 2015 to 2026
$8.2M
Restoring Communication with an Intracortical Neural Interface SystemR01DC009899 · NIDCD · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI HOCHBERG, LEIGH R · 2009 to 2017
$7.0M
Understanding the Neural Basis of Volitional State through Continuous Recordings in HumansU01NS098968 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI CASH, SYDNEY S · 2016 to 2018
$4.7M
BrainGate: Robust Neural Decoding for Veterans with ALSI01RX002295 · VA · PROVIDENCE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI HOCHBERG, LEIGH R · 2017 to 2025
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Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC009899NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC014034NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS098968RRD VA B6453-RRRD VA I01 RX002295
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Decades after the motor homunculus was first proposed, it is still unknown how different body parts are intermixed and interrelated in human motor cortical areas at single-neuron resolution. Using multi-unit recordings, we studied how face, head, arm, and leg movements are represented in the hand knob area of premotor cortex (precentral gyrus) in people with tetraplegia. Contrary to traditional expectations, we found strong representation of all movements and a partially "compositional" neural code that linked together all four limbs. The code consisted of (1) a limb-coding component representing the limb to be moved and (2) a movement-coding component where analogous movements from each limb (e.g., hand grasp and toe curl) were represented similarly. Compositional coding might facilitate skill transfer across limbs, and it provides a useful framework for thinking about how the motor system constructs movement. Finally, we leveraged these results to create a whole-body intracortical brain-computer interface that spreads targets across all limbs.

Indexed as

AdultBrain MappingFrontal LobeHuman BodyHumansMotor CortexMovementbrain-computer interfacehand knobmicroelectrode arraymotor cortexneural codingskill transfer

Identifiers

PMID32220308
PMCPMC7166199
OpenAlexW3014049597

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.