ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2020
Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington.
4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 708 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
708citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Post-exposure Prophylaxis With Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the Prevention of COVID-19 in High-risk Older Individuals in Long-term and Specialized Care: A Double-blind Randomized Control Trial
Prevention of COVID19 Infection by the Administration of Hydroxychloroquine to Institutionalized Older People and Nursing Home Staff. Controlled Clinical Trial, Randomized Triple Blind by Clusters (PREVICHARM Study)
COVID-19 in Vitro Diagnostic Near-patient Testing in Care Environments Using a Cluster Randomised Open-label Trial Design in an East London Care Home Population
Evaluation of the Characteristics of Patients With Suspected or Confirmed of COVID-19 in Villavicencio and Meta State, Colombia
Who cites it
708 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Global perspectives on challenges, coping strategies, and future preparedness of nursing home staff during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Learning from the covid-19 outbreaks in long-term care facilities: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2023Pooled it
- Risk of mortality in COVID-19 patients: a meta- and network analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- The role of routine SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare-workers in acute care hospitals in 2020: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- An Effective Mechanism for the Early Detection and Containment of Healthcare Worker Infections in the Setting of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Dementia is an age-independent risk factor for severity and death in COVID-19 inpatients.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Pooled it
- A rapid systematic review of measures to protect older people in long-term care facilities from COVID-19.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Respiratory Outbreak Mitigation With Point-of-Care Testing in Long-Term Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Article
- Beyond Infection-Indoor Airborne Pathogens as Contributors to Respiratory Inflammation and Immune Dysregulation: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian families: a countrywide population-based survey.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- A national survey on COVID-19 infection in Italian retirement homes for older adults and persons with disabilities.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Efficacy of the Web-Based Gamified Infection Control Training System on Practices for Health Care Workers in Residential Care Homes: Clustered Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR serious games · 2025Article
- Infection-Control Protocol Acceptability in Skilled Nursing Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2025Article
- Elimination of Airborne Microorganisms Using Compressive Heating Air Sterilization Technology (CHAST): Laboratory and Nursing Home Setting.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Disparities in COVID-19 mortality in the United States, 2020-2023.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Variations in State Essential Caregiver Programs for Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigation of renal function in patients with long COVID in the Amazon region: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
648 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Temet M McMichaelFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Dustin W CurrieFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Shauna ClarkFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Sargis PogosjansFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Meagan KayFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Noah G SchwartzFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
James LewisFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Atar BaerFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Vance KawakamiFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Margaret D LukoffFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Jessica FerroFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Claire Brostrom-SmithFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Thomas D ReaFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Michael R SayreFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Francis X RiedoFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Denny RussellFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Brian HiattFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Patricia MontgomeryFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Agam K RaoFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Eric J ChowFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Farrell TobolowskyFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Michael J HughesFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Ana C BardossyFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Lisa P OakleyFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Jesica R JacobsFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Nimalie D StoneFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Sujan C ReddyFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
John A JerniganFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Margaret A HoneinFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Thomas A ClarkFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Jeffrey S DuchinFrom Public Health-Seattle and King County (T.M.M., S.C., S.P., M.K., J.L., A.B., V.K., M.D.L., J.F., C.B.-S., J.S.D.), University of Washington, Seattle (T.D.R., M.R.S., J.S.D.), EvergreenHealth, Kirkland (F.X.R.), Washington State Public Health Laboratory, Shoreline (D.R., B.H.), and Washington State Department of Health, Tumwater (P.M.) - all in Washington; and the Epidemic Intelligence Service (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., E.J.C., F.T., A.C.B., L.P.O.), COVID-19 Emergency Response (T.M.M., D.W.C., N.G.S., A.K.R., E.J.C., F.T., M.J.H., A.C.B., L.P.O., J.R.J., N.D.S., S.C.R., J.A.J., M.A.H., T.A.C.), and Laboratory Leadership Service (J.R.J.), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
Public Health–Seattle and King County, EvergreenHealth, and CDC COVID-19 Investigation Team
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLong-term care facilities are high-risk settings for severe outcomes from outbreaks of Covid-19, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents and the movement of health care personnel among facilities in a region.
methodsAfter identification on February 28, 2020, of a confirmed case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility in King County, Washington, Public Health-Seattle and King County, aided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a case investigation, contact tracing, quarantine of exposed persons, isolation of confirmed and suspected cases, and on-site enhancement of infection prevention and control.
resultsAs of March 18, a total of 167 confirmed cases of Covid-19 affecting 101 residents, 50 health care personnel, and 16 visitors were found to be epidemiologically linked to the facility. Most cases among residents included respiratory illness consistent with Covid-19; however, in 7 residents no symptoms were documented. Hospitalization rates for facility residents, visitors, and staff were 54.5%, 50.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The case fatality rate for residents was 33.7% (34 of 101). As of March 18, a total of 30 long-term care facilities with at least one confirmed case of Covid-19 had been identified in King County.
conclusionsIn the context of rapidly escalating Covid-19 outbreaks, proactive steps by long-term care facilities to identify and exclude potentially infected staff and visitors, actively monitor for potentially infected patients, and implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures are needed to prevent the introduction of Covid-19.
Indexed as
BetacoronavirusDisease Transmission, InfectiousSkilled Nursing FacilitiesAdultAgedAged, 80 and overClinical Laboratory TechniquesContact TracingCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19COVID-19 TestingDisease OutbreaksFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansInfection Control
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NCT04397328ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04400019ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04453553ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT04456426ClinicalTrials.gov
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