Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32219681›Full record

SynthesisCNS drugs2020

Adherence to Oral Antipsychotics Measured by Electronic Adherence Monitoring in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Hodaka Yaegashi, So Kirino, Gary Remington, Fuminari Misawa, Hiroyoshi Takeuchi

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in CNS drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Poor insight and self-disorders in schizophrenia: an empirical study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026
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  12. Insight Paradox in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Concept Analysis.International journal of mental health nursing · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Hodaka YaegashiYamanashi Prefectural Kita Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
So KirinoDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
Gary RemingtonSchizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Fuminari MisawaYamanashi Prefectural Kita Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan.
Hiroyoshi TakeuchiYamanashi Prefectural Kita Hospital, Yamanashi, Japan. hirotak@dk9.so-net.ne.jp.
Keio University Hospital · JPKitakyushu City Yahata Hospital · JPUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPoor adherence to oral antipsychotics is common in patients with schizophrenia; nonetheless, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis on medication adherence measured by electronic adherence monitoring (EAM), considered by many as the 'gold standard' assessment.

methodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase to identify studies investigating adherence to oral antipsychotics using EAM in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. There were no exclusion criteria. We looked at the methodology in each study and defined which type of adherence was used in the study. Data on medication adherence, definition of satisfactory adherence (i.e., the threshold set in terms of the percentage of times medication was taken as prescribed), and factors associated with adherence were extracted for the included studies. Further, data on the rates of medication adherence were quantitatively synthesized.

resultsA total of 19 studies involving 2184 patients were included. EAM-measured medication adherence was classified into three outcome types: taking adherence, regimen adherence, and timing adherence. The meta-analysis yielded oral antipsychotic adherence rates (defined as a continuous variable) of 71.1% for taking adherence [from seven studies, n = 256, 95% confidence interval (CI) 58.0-84.1], 70.0% for regimen adherence (from five studies, n = 174, 95% CI = 63.6-76.4), and 64.9% for timing adherence (from four studies, n = 212, 95% CI 53.2-76.6), respectively. The proportions of patients with oral antipsychotic adherence, when defined as a dichotomous variable, ranged from 50 to 78.3% for the 70% threshold for satisfactory adherence, 29.8-75.7% for the 75% threshold, and 47.8-75.7% for the 80% threshold. Factors associated with poor medication adherence were greater symptom severity, more frequent dosing regimen, poorer insight, and more negative drug attitude.

conclusionsOral antipsychotic adherence rates in schizophrenia, defined as a continuous variable and measured by EAM, were in the range of 70%, lower than the 80% threshold used widely to define satisfactory adherence.

Indexed as

Drug MonitoringAdministration, OralAntipsychotic AgentsElectronicsHumansSchizophreniaAntipsychotic Agents

Identifiers

PMID32219681
OpenAlexW3013166411

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.