Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32219562›Full record

ArticlePediatric surgery international2020

Determining acute complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis using serum and urine biomarkers: interleukin-6 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin.

Mohit Kakar, Mathilde Delorme, Renars Broks, Lasma Asare, Marisa Butnere, Aigars Reinis, Arnis Engelis, Juta Kroica, Amulya Saxena, Aigars Petersons

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Article in Pediatric surgery international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Uncomplicated and Complicated Acute Appendicitis Induce Different Cytokine Patterns.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Mohit KakarDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas gatve, 45, Riga, 1004, Latvia. mohitez@gmail.com.
Mathilde DelormeFaculty of Medicine, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela, 16, Riga, Latvia.
Renars BroksDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela, 16, Riga, 1007, Latvia.
Lasma AsareDepartment of Statistics, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela, 16, Riga, Latvia.
Marisa ButnereDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas gatve, 45, Riga, 1004, Latvia.
Aigars ReinisDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela, 16, Riga, 1007, Latvia.
Arnis EngelisDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas gatve, 45, Riga, 1004, Latvia.
Juta KroicaDepartment of Biology and Microbiology, Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema iela, 16, Riga, 1007, Latvia.
Amulya SaxenaDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Imperial College London, Chelsea Children's Hospital, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Aigars PetersonsDepartment of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Clinical University Hospital, Vienibas gatve, 45, Riga, 1004, Latvia.
Riga Stradiņš University · LVChildren's Clinical University Hospital · LVChelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe study aim is to determine whether serum and urine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) can be included in the early diagnostic algorithm for pediatric appendicitis.

methodsProspective single-center cohort study included 92 children divided into control, acute complicated appendicitis (AcA) and acute uncomplicated appendicitis (AnA) groups. Serum and urine samples were assayed for IL-6 and NGAL preoperatively, and on the second and fifth postoperative days. Intraoperative and bacteriological findings divided the appendicitis patients.

resultsAverage serum biomarker levels were higher in appendicitis patients versus the control, and the following values were produced via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. NGAL and IL-6 cutoff values were 113.95 ng/ml and 24.64 pg/ml, respectively, NGAL had 68.3% sensitivity and 65.5% specificity, while IL-6 had 72.6% and 86.2%. Comparing AcA and AnA, IL-6 was the only biomarker of significance yielding 77.4% sensitivity and 58.1% specificity with a 26.43 pg/ml cutoff value. Urine biomarkers were non-specific in differentiation appendicitis severity and ultimately, between infectious and non-infectious disease.

conclusionAlthough NGAL provided measurable useful diagnostic information in evaluating children for appendicitis, its values were not sufficient for appendicitis severity. Serum IL-6 remains a strong biomarker for suspected acute appendicitis and has promising results predicting its severity.

Indexed as

AdolescentAppendicitisBiomarkersChildDiagnosis, DifferentialEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansInterleukin-6Lipocalin-2MaleProspective StudiesROC CurveBiomarkersInterleukin-6LCN2 protein, humanLipocalin-2AppendectomyBiomarkersIL-6NGALPediatric appendicitis

Identifiers

PMID32219562
OpenAlexW3013771466

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.