ArticleIranian journal of otorhinolaryngology2020
Validity and Reliability of Persian Smell Identification Test.
Article in Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of idiopathic olfactory dysfunction as a warning marker for early parkinson's disease: a population-based cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Subjective and objective effects of radioiodine therapy on the sense of smell.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Cross-cultural modification of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test for the Saudi Arabian population: Validation and normative values.Saudi medical journal · 2024Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Evaluating Olfactory Abilities Across Species.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Review
- Olfactory Dysfunction is Associated with More Severe Clinical Course in COVID-19.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2022Article
- The Effect of Topical Aminophylline on Hyposmia and Anosmia.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2022Article
- Anosmia Testing as Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Positivity; A Prospective Study under Screening Conditions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Iranian Smell Diagnostic Test in Covid-19 Disease; Report of Covid-19 Center of North of Iran.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- The outcome of olfactory impairment in patients with otherwise paucisymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 during the pandemic.The Journal of laryngology and otology · 2021Observational
- Psychophysical olfactory testing in COVID-19: is smell function really impaired in nearly all patients?International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
introductionSmell Identification Tests (SIT) are routinely utilized for the clinical evaluation of olfactory function. Since Iran consists of various ethnic subgroups, the reliability and validity of this test as a national SIT are required to be evaluated across the country. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated the cultural adaptation of SIT administered to 420 healthy volunteers from 6 various ethnic subgroups (i.e., Fars, Turk, Kurd, Lor, Baluch, and Arab) living in 7 cities (one city for each subgroup, and Tehran [capital of Iran] with mixed ethnicities). The SIT consists of pens pre-filled with 24 odorants. The correct identification response rate was evaluated in all and each subgroup. The test was performed twice on 60 participants with a 2-week interval to assess its reliability. The SIT was further administered to 150 cases with documented abnormal olfactory function to evaluate its validity.
resultsThe correct identification response rate was estimated at 70% for all odorants in all and each subgroup. The mean odor identification score was 21.41±1.37 (score range: 17- 24) with no significant difference among various subgroups. Moreover, the test-retest correlation coefficient was obtained at 0.77. The mean odor identification score in patients with olfactory impairment was 10.69±3.76, which was significantly different from that in healthy participants (P<0.001). The best cut-point for the beginning of olfactory impairment was 17.5 (95% CI: 9-100, Sensitivity=99, Specificity=81). Females obtained higher scores of odor identification, compared to males (P=0.025).
conclusionThe results indicated the reliability and validity of the SIT, which can be used nationally for the assessment of olfactory function in various ethnic subgroups across the country.
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