ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2020
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Modulation of Pupillary Unrest.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inconclusive evidence that breathing shapes pupil dynamics in humans: a systematic review.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2023Pooled it
- Measurement Methods of Fatigue, Sleepiness, and Sleep Behaviour Aboard Ships: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Temporal profile of intranasal oxytocin in the human autonomic nervous system at rest: An electrocardiography and pupillometry study.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Trial
- The anterior cingulate cortex modulates pupil-linked arousal.Science advances · 2026Article
- Influence of experience on cardiovascular diving reflex in professional divers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Pupillary Hippus as a Biomarker: Spectral Signatures and Complexity Approaches in Autonomic and Clinical Contexts.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Novel Method for Analysing the Curvature of the Anterior Lens: Multi-Radial Scheimpflug Imaging and Custom Conic Fitting Algorithm.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Paced Breathing Associated With Pupil Diameter Oscillations at the Same Rate and Reduced Lapses in Attention.Psychophysiology · 2025Article
- A Dynamic Link between Respiration and Arousal.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- From pre-processing to advanced dynamic modeling of pupil data.Behavior research methods · 2024Article
- Dynamic interactions of physiological systems during competitive gaming: insights from network physiology - case report.Frontiers in network physiology · 2024Article
- Depressive rumination and heart rate variability: A pilot study on the effect of biofeedback on rumination and its physiological concomitants.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pupillary unrest is an established indicator of drowsiness or sleepiness. How sympathetic and parasympathetic activity contribute to pupillary unrest is not entirely unclear. In this study, we investigated 83 young healthy volunteers to assess the relationship of pupillary unrest to other markers of the autonomic nervous system. Sample entropy (SE) and the established pupillary unrest index (PUI) were calculated to characterize pupil size variability. Autonomic indices were derived from heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductance. Additionally, we assessed individual levels of calmness, vigilance, and mood. In an independent sample of 26 healthy participants, we stimulated the cardiovagal system by a deep breathing test. PUI was related to parasympathetic cardiac indices and sleepiness. A linear combination of vagal heart rate variability [root mean square of heart beat interval differences (RMSSD)] and skin conductance fluctuations (SCFs) was suited best to explain interindividual variance of PUI. Complexity of pupil diameter (PD) variations correlated to indices of sympathetic skin conductance. Furthermore, we found that spontaneous fluctuations of skin conductance are accompanied by increases of pupil size. In an independent sample, we were able to corroborate the relation of PUI with RMSSD and skin conductance. A slow breathing test enhanced RMSSD and PUI proportionally to each other, while complexity of PD dynamics decreased. Our data suggest that the slow PD oscillations (
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