ArticleHealth & place2020
Assessing county-level determinants of diabetes in the United States (2003-2012).
Article in Health & place, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neighborhood Retail Food Environment and 6-Year Changes in Cardiometabolic Health in Hispanics/Latinos: HCHS/SOL CASAS.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Article
- The changing food environment and neighborhood prevalence of type 2 diabetes.SSM - population health · 2023Article
- Geographically weighted machine learning model for untangling spatial heterogeneity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) prevalence in the USA.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The Diabetes Location, Environmental Attributes, and Disparities Network: Protocol for Nested Case Control and Cohort Studies, Rationale, and Baseline Characteristics.JMIR research protocols · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Using data from the United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2003-2012; N = 3,397,124 adults), we estimated associations between prevalent diabetes and four county-level exposures (fast food restaurant density, convenience store density, unemployment, active commuting). All associations confirmed our a priori hypotheses in conventional multilevel analyses that pooled across years. In contrast, using a random-effects within-between model, we found weak, ambiguous evidence that within-county changes in exposures were associated with within-county change in odds of diabetes. Decomposition revealed that the pooled associations were largely driven by time-invariant, between-county factors that may be more susceptible to confounding versus within-county associations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.