ArticleJournal of neuro-oncology2020
Repolarized macrophages, induced by intermediate stereotactic dose radiotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade, contribute to long-term survival in glioma-bearing mice.
Article in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modulation of tumor-associated macrophage activity with radiation therapy: a systematic review.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2023Pooled it
- Platinum-based therapeutics as emerging multi-modal radiosensitizers in glioblastoma treatment.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Role of Colony Stimulating Factor 1 (CSF-1) and Its Receptor CSF1R: Macrophage Repolarization for Glioblastoma Treatment.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Article
- Immune Checkpoints and Cellular Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC).Cells · 2024Review
- Effects of PreOperative radiotherapy in a preclinical glioblastoma model: a paradigm-shift approach.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- MicroRNAs as regulators of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy: targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2024Review
- Microglia in pediatric brain tumors: The missing link to successful immunotherapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Review
- Hallmarks of the Tumour Microenvironment of Gliomas and Its Interaction with Emerging Immunotherapy Modalities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- TANK shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and predicts prognosis and therapeutic response in glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Dual effects of radiotherapy on tumor microenvironment and its contribution towards the development of resistance to immunotherapy in gastrointestinal and thoracic cancers.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Narrative Review of Synergistics Effects of Combining Immunotherapy and Stereotactic Radiation Therapy.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- Review
- Early Therapeutic Interventions for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: Rationale and Review of the Literature.Current oncology reports · 2022Review
- Using Radiation Therapy to Prime and Propagate an Anti-tumor Immune Response Against Brain Tumors.Neuromolecular medicine · 2022Review
- Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); a new frontier.Cancer cell international · 2022Review
- Myeloid Cell Classification and Therapeutic Opportunities Within the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment in the Single Cell-Omics Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Lattice or Oxygen-Guided Radiotherapy: What If They Converge? Possible Future Directions in the Era of Immunotherapy.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly brain tumor with a short expected median survival, despite current standard-of-care treatment. We explored the combination of intermediate stereotactic dose radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy as a novel treatment strategy for GBM.
methodsGlioma xenograft-bearing mice were exposed to high dose brain-directed radiation (10 Gy single exposure) as well as mouse anti-PD-1 antibody. The tumor-bearing animals were randomized to four groups: no treatment, radiation alone, anti-PD-1 alone, and radiation + anti-PD-1. Survival was followed, and tumor growth was monitored using MRI. Immunohistochemistry, gene expression arrays, and flow cytometry were used to characterize the treatment-induced effects. Pharmacologic inhibitors of T-lymphocytes, bone marrow derived macrophages, and microglia were used to assess the respective roles of different immune populations in observed treatment effects.
resultsWe found the combined treatment with high dose radiation and immunotherapy to be highly effective with a 75% complete pathologic response and dramatically improved survival outcomes. We found both CD8+ T-cells and macrophages to be necessary for the full effect of combined therapy, with T lymphocytes appearing to play a role early on and macrophages mediating a later phase of the combined treatment effect. Radiation treatment appeared to trigger macrophage repolarization, increasing M1/M2 ratio.
conclusionsThese findings point to a novel immunologic mechanism underlying the interaction between radiotherapy and immunotherapy. They also provide the basis for clinical investigation of immunogenic dose radiation in combination with immune checkpoint blockade as a potential treatment approach for newly diagnosed high grade gliomas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.