ArticlePharmacogenomics and personalized medicine2020
Sex Differences in Associations Between CYP2D6 Phenotypes and Response to Opioid Analgesics.
Article in Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-Dependent Effects of CYP2D6 on the Pharmacokinetics of Berberine in Humans.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2025Trial
- A hybrid implementation-effectiveness randomized trial of CYP2D6-guided postoperative pain management.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2021Trial
- CYP2D6-Guided Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Multi-Center Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Identifying Sex Differences in Adverse Events Reported on Opioid Drugs in the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- An Overview of Endometriosis and Potential Pharmacogenetic Targets.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Role of Pharmacogenetics on Tramadol Pharmacokinetics: A Population Pharmacokinetic Model.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of sex-based, vendor-based, and species differences in cytochrome P450 metabolism.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reliable variability in subjective responses to parenteral hydromorphone administration: empirical confirmation of an opioid non-responder phenotype.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in hepatic enzymes and transporters involved in pharmacokinetics.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review by a Multidisciplinary Task Force.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Opioid use disorder risk alleles in self-reported assigned African American/Afro-Caribbean and European biogeographical genetic ancestry groups and in males and females.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2024Article
- Implementing a pragmatic clinical trial to tailor opioids for chronic pain on behalf of the IGNITE ADOPT PGx investigators.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Opioid Monitoring in Clinical Settings: Strategies and Implications of Tailored Approaches for Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- RANTES (CCL5) in Patients With Geographic Atrophy Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Impact of CYP2D6 genotype on opioid use disorder deprescription: an observational prospective study in chronic pain with sex-differences.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Sex Differences in Oxycodone/Naloxone vs. Tapentadol in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: An Observational Real-World Study.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Tramadol Versus Codeine in Hand Surgery.Cureus · 2022Article
- Tramadol Use in Perioperative Care and Current Controversies.Current pain and headache reports · 2022Review
- Sex Differences in RANTES (CCL5) in Patients With Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Controls With no AMD.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral small studies have previously investigated associations between the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolism and response to opioids. We used a large sample of patients to study associations between CYP2D6 phenotypes and estimated CYP2D6 enzymatic activity scores with pain control and adverse reactions related to codeine and tramadol use. We conducted additional analyses to determine whether our results were consistent among men and women.
methodsWe used data from 2,877 participants in the RIGHT Protocol who were prescribed codeine and/or tramadol between 01/01/2005 and 12/31/2017 and who were not prescribed CYP2D6 inhibitors within 1 year prior to the opioid prescription. CYP2D6 phenotype categories were condensed into four groups: (1) Ultra-rapid and Rapid (n = 61), (2) Normal and Intermediate to Normal (n = 1,448), (3) Intermediate and Intermediate to Poor (n = 1,175), and (4) Poor metabolizer status (n = 193). Opioid-related outcomes included indications of poor pain control or adverse reactions related to medication use. We modeled the risk of each outcome using logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, race, and ethnicity.
resultsThe results revealed a trend from poor to ultra-rapid and rapid CYP2D6 phenotypes in which the risk of adverse reactions incrementally increased and the risk of poor pain control incrementally decreased. This trend reached statistical significance among female (but not male) participants. Among normal and intermediate to normal metabolizers, a larger proportion of women experienced adverse reactions relative to men. DISCUSSION: We replicated and extended the findings of previous research indicating associations between CYP2D6 phenotypes and response to opioids. In addition, the observed associations were stronger in women than in men. We recommend sex differences to be factored in future research investigating associations between pharmacogenomics and response to medications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.