ReviewJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2020
"Extrauterine growth restriction" and "postnatal growth failure" are misnomers for preterm infants.
Review in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growth and human milk intake outcomes from postdischarge feedings among very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: A systematic review.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Fenton Third-Generation Growth Charts of Preterm Infants Without Abnormal Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of early sodium supplementation on weight gain of very preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Trial
- Effect of early antibiotic exposure on necrotizing enterocolitis and growth in extremely preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Growth Rates of Infants Randomized to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Intubation After Extremely Preterm Birth.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Static and longitudinal extrauterine growth restriction in very low birth weight infants: prevalence and associated factors.Jornal de pediatria · 2026Article
- Defining growth faltering and malnutrition among very preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Impact of Prematurity on Nutrient Signaling and Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle.Annual review of nutrition · 2026Review
- Identifying a Safety Threshold for Parenteral Glucose Intake in the Early Acute Phase of Preterm Neonates.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome in preterm infants with different weight gain outcomes.Gut microbiology · 2026Article
- Machine-Learning Models Outperform Clinicians in Predicting Postnatal Growth Failure Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predictors and Risk Scoring of Postnatal Growth Failure in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Predicting extrauterine growth restriction at the parenteral-enteral nutrition transition: a model for risk identification in very preterm infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Recombinant human IGF-1 alleviates dyslipidemia induced by lactational maternal dietary restriction.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- First-year growth patterns of preterm infants receiving kangaroo mother care: associations with early life factors and 1-year anthropometry.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Optimising enteral feeding prevents postnatal growth faltering in preterm infants: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ nutrition, prevention & health · 2026Article
- Article
- Optimizing Nutrition in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates: An Evidence-Based Protocol.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Time to Full Enteral Feeds and Late-Onset Sepsis in Extremely Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2025Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 18 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preterm infants are increasingly diagnosed as having "extrauterine growth restriction" (EUGR) or "postnatal growth failure" (PGF). Usually EUGR/PGF is diagnosed when weight is <10th percentile at either discharge or 36-40 weeks postmenstrual age. The reasons why the phrases EUGR/PGF are unhelpful include, they: (i) are not predictive of adverse outcome; (ii) are based only on weight without any consideration of head or length growth, proportionality, body composition, or genetic potential; (iii) ignore normal postnatal weight loss; (iv) are usually assessed prior to growth slowing of the reference fetus, around 36-40 weeks, and (v) are usually based on an arbitrary statistical growth percentile cut-off. Focus on EUGR/PGF prevalence may benefit with better attention to nutrition but may also harm with nutrition delivery above infants' actual needs. In this paper, we highlight challenges associated with such arbitrary cut-offs and opportunities for further refinement of understanding growth and nutritional needs of preterm neonates.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.