ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Cancer and Non-Cancer Risk Concerns from Metals in Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosols.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electronic cigarette use after smoking cessation and lung cancer risk.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Psychometric evaluation of the e-cigarette knowledge, attitude, and practice questionnaire among young students: a structural equation modeling approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- A New Aerosol Respiratory Deposition Approach: Health Risks of Metals in Aerosols from Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Heated Tobacco Products.Journal of aerosol science · 2026Article
- Leveraging Large Language Models to Identify Engagement-Driving Features in Vaping-Related TikTok Videos: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- Risk assessment of metals measured in regulated Canadian dried cannabis and cannabis vaping products: case study and perspectives.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Multi-Omics Assessment of Puff Volume-Mediated Salivary Biomarkers of Metal Exposure and Oxidative Injury Associated with Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Vaping habits and respiratory symptoms using a smartphone app platform.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Toxicological Aspects Associated with Consumption from Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS): Focus on Heavy Metals Exposure and Cancer Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of organic compounds and heavy metals in electronic cigarettes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Trends in E-cigarette Use in Callers to the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line.WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin · 2023Article
- Association between Harmful and Addictive Perceptions of E-Cigarettes and E-Cigarette Use among Adolescents and Youth-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A new statistical model for longitudinal ecological momentary assessment data on dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2022Article
- Review
- Disposable E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Experimental Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Assessment of worker chemical exposures in California vape shops.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of e-liquid flavor, nicotine content, and puff duration on metal emissions from electronic cigarettes.Environmental research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We evaluated metal concentrations in e-liquids and e-aerosols from eight studies and estimated the range of corresponding cancer and non-cancer risks. Chromium and nickel were the leading contributors to cancer risk, with minor contributions from cadmium, lead, and arsenic. The increased cancer risks, assuming exposure to 2 mL/day, ranged from 5.7 to 30,000 additional cancers in a million e-cigarette users. The average cancer risk was 3 in 1000. Cancer risks in the mid to upper end of these ranges exceed acceptable levels. The hazard quotient (HQ) approach was used to evaluate non-cancer risks. Hazard quotients exceeding 1.0 indicate the possibility for non-cancer adverse health effects. Estimated exposures at the maximum reported concentrations of nickel, chromium, and manganese resulted in HQ values of 161, 1.1, and 1.0, respectively, with additional contributions from lead. The average concentration of nickel resulted in an HQ value of 14. We conclude from these studies that exposure to metals in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols may pose a significant cancer and non-cancer health risk at the mid and upper end of the reported ranges. The device design and heating elements appear to be the main source of metals in e-aerosols. The large range of metals within and across e-cigarette brands indicate the need for improvements in product design, enforced product safety regulations and manufacturing quality control. Implementation of such measures could reduce metal exposure in e-cigarette users.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.