ReviewJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2020
Visual hallucinations in neurological and ophthalmological disease: pathophysiology and management.
Review in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05483036 (Perception in Parkinson's Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Perception in Parkinson's Disease
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia associated with vascular impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Non-visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Journal of neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Charles Bonnet syndrome in patients referred for cataract surgery.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- The Relationship Between Physical Activity, Sleep, and Hallucinations in Adults with Charles Bonnet Syndrome.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Visual Hallucinations and Cognitive Impairment as the Initial Presentation of Severe Hypothyroidism in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 'Everywhere I turn, I'm blocked': a qualitative exploration of experiences of Charles Bonnet syndrome and its impact on physical activity and falls.Age and ageing · 2026Article
- Imposter in the brain: aetiological, clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of Capgras syndrome.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Beyond Charles Bonnet Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Psychotic Symptoms in Vision Loss.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Review
- Management of Charles Bonnet syndrome in routine eye care services.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Understanding barriers to receiving psychological intervention for older persons who experience hallucinations.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Understanding healthcare accessibility for military veterans living with Charles Bonnet Syndrome: co-production of a psychoeducational toolkit.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Medical evaluation of first presentation of psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Conscious vision: investigating visual hallucination awareness in Lewy body disease.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Compensatory hallucinogenesis across three neuropsychiatric disorders: a Bayesian account.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Hearing voices and other altered perceptual experiences across psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders: from phenomenology and mechanisms to future directions.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Article
- From research to action: recommendations for Charles Bonnet syndrome care and policy.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Charles Bonnet Syndrome associated with unilateral vision loss: A new diagnostic perspective.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Review
- Article
- Charles Bonnet syndrome among visually impaired military veterans: findings from a UK screening and survey study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors at 15 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Visual hallucinations are common in older people and are especially associated with ophthalmological and neurological disorders, including dementia and Parkinson's disease. Uncertainties remain whether there is a single underlying mechanism for visual hallucinations or they have different disease-dependent causes. However, irrespective of mechanism, visual hallucinations are difficult to treat. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) funded a research programme to investigate visual hallucinations in the key and high burden areas of eye disease, dementia and Parkinson's disease, culminating in a workshop to develop a unified framework for their clinical management. Here we summarise the evidence base, current practice and consensus guidelines that emerged from the workshop.Irrespective of clinical condition, case ascertainment strategies are required to overcome reporting stigma. Once hallucinations are identified, physical, cognitive and ophthalmological health should be reviewed, with education and self-help techniques provided. Not all hallucinations require intervention but for those that are clinically significant, current evidence supports pharmacological modification of cholinergic, GABAergic, serotonergic or dopaminergic systems, or reduction of cortical excitability. A broad treatment perspective is needed, including carer support. Despite their frequency and clinical significance, there is a paucity of randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial evidence where the primary outcome is an improvement in visual hallucinations. Key areas for future research include the development of valid and reliable assessment tools for use in mechanistic studies and clinical trials, transdiagnostic studies of shared and distinct mechanisms and when and how to treat visual hallucinations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.