ReviewInternational braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology
Staghorn renal stones: what the urologist needs to know.
Review in International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- International Alliance of Urolithiasis (IAU) guideline on staghorn calculi management.World journal of urology · 2024Guideline
- Comparison of vacuum-assisted sheaths and normal sheaths in minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of 3D printing-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy in complex renal calculi.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- A comparative analysis of metabolic and urinary bacterial culture profiles between patients with staghorn and non-staghorn infectious renal stones.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Distribution characteristics of staghorn calculi bacteria and metabolic differences in patients of different genders.World journal of urology · 2025Article
- Preoperative classification of urinary stones based on community detection.Urolithiasis · 2025Article
- Comparison on Surgical Outcomes of Mini-Versus Standard-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Staghorn Calculi: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Urology research & practice · 2025Review
- The Composition Analysis of Renal Staghorn Calculi and their Characteristics using Spectral CTCurrent medical imaging · 2025Article
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy and laparoscopic surgery efficacy and renal function outcomes for large and complex renal calculi.Current urology · 2024Article
- Current Practices and Challenges in the Management of Complex Renal Stones in Africa: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Perioperative and long-term results of ultrasonography-guided single- and multiple-tract percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn calculi.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Urologists' opinion on treating asymptomatic stones: Would we treat ourselves as we treat our patients? Survey from European Association of Urology, Young Academic Urologists, Endourology and Urolithiasis working party.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Infected calcium oxalate stone leading to pyogenic spondylodiscitis and bilateral lower limb weakness: a case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Giant staghorn stone causing inferior vena cava compression: a novel case report.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- A huge staghorn renal stone: Is there still a need for open surgery to protect against further damage to the kidney? A case report.Qatar medical journal · 2023Article
- One-stage efficacy of single tract minimally invasive ECIRS in the improved prone frog split-leg position for staghorn stones.BMC urology · 2022Article
- Combination laparoscopy and nephrolithotomy technique in the same session in patients with complete staghorn stones and poor performance status: case series in a single center with long-term follow-up.World journal of urology · 2022Article
- Open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for management of staghorn calculi.American journal of clinical and experimental urology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with staghorn renal stones are challenging cases, requiring careful preoperative evaluation and close follow-up to avoid stone recurrence. In this article we aim to discuss the main topics related to staghorn renal stones with focus on surgical approach. Most of staghorn renal stones are composed of struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) and are linked to urinary tract infection by urease-producing pathogens. Preoperative computed tomography scan and careful evaluation of all urine cultures made prior surgery are essential for a well-planning surgical approach and a right antibiotics choice. Gold standard surgical technique is the percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). In cases of impossible percutaneous renal access, anatrophic nephrolithotomy is an alternative. Shockwave lithotripsy and flexible ureteroscopy are useful tools to treat residual fragments that can be left after treatment of complete staghorn renal stone. PCNL can be performed in supine or prone position according to surgeon's experience. Tranexamic acid can be used to avoid bleeding. To check postoperative stone-free status, computed tomography is the most accurate imaging exam, but ultrasound combined to KUB is an option. Intra-operative high-resolution fluoroscopy and flexible nephroscopy have been described as an alternative for looking at residual fragments and save radiation exposure. The main goals of treatment are stone-free status, infection eradication, and recurrence prevention. Long-term or short-term antibiotic therapy is recommended and regular control imaging exams and urine culture should be done.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.