ArticleBMC women's health2020
Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology.
Article in BMC women's health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- A 3D-printed optical microscope for low-cost histological imaging.Journal of microscopy · 2025Article
- Developing a low-cost, open-source, locally manufactured workstation and computational pipeline for automated histopathology evaluation using deep learning.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Igniting children's enthusiasm for microbes with an origami paper microscope.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2024Article
- Utilization of accessible resources in the fabrication of an affordable, portable, high-resolution, 3D printed, digital microscope for Philippine diagnostic applications.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Fabricating a Low-Cost, Microscopy-Compatible Mechanical Testing Device.Experimental techniques · 2022Article
- A review on low-cost microscopes for Open Science.Microscopy research and technique · 2022Review
- Open microscopy in the life sciences: quo vadis?Nature methods · 2022Article
- Foldscope: A smartphone based diagnostic tool for fungal keratitis.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Foldscope: Diagnostic Accuracy and Feasibility of its Use in National Malaria Control Program.Journal of microscopy and ultrastructureArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCervical cancer remains a global health problem especially in remote areas of developing countries which have limited resources for cervical cancer screening. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a low-cost, smartphone attachable paper-based microscope when used for classifying images of cervical cytology.
methodsCervical cytology samples included: 10 Normal, 10 Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 10 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 10 Malignant Pap Smears. The agreement between conventional microscopy vs. Foldscope imaging was calculated using a weighted kappa coefficient. A confusion matrix was created with three classes: Normal, LSIL, and HSIL/malignant, to evaluate the performance of the Foldscope by calculating the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
resultsWe observed a kappa statistic of 0.68 for the agreement. This translates into a substantial agreement between the cytological classifications by the Foldscope vs. conventional microscopy. The accuracy of the Foldscope was 80%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85 and 90% for the HSIL/Mal category, 80 and 83.3%, for LSIL, and 70 and 96.7% for Normal.
conclusionsThis study highlights the usefulness of the Foldscope in cervical cytology, demonstrating it has substantial agreement with conventional microscopy. Its use could improve cytologic interpretations in underserved areas and, thus, improve the quality of cervical cancer screening. Improvements in existing limitations of the device, such as ability to focus, could potentially increase its accuracy.
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