Observational studyUnited European gastroenterology journal2020
Cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates coeliac disease from self-reported gluten sensitivity.
Observational study in United European gastroenterology journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02464150 (Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gluten Challenge in Celiac Disease
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal and Extraintestinal Symptoms Among Subjects With Celiac Disease Undergoing a Dose-Specified Gluten Challenge: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of fructan and gluten on gut microbiota in individuals with self-reported non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity-a randomised controlled crossover trial.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Evaluating Responses to Gluten Challenge: A Randomized, Double-Blind, 2-Dose Gluten Challenge Trial.Gastroenterology · 2021Trial
- Crosstalk between inflammation and autophagy in CeD organoids.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Plasma Proteins Invariant to Diet in Celiac Disease: Results From a Proteomics Study on the UK Biobank.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Cytokine Interplay in Vitiligo: A Decade of Meta-Analyses Systematically Reviewed.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An optimised whole blood interleukin-2 release assay is more sensitive than interferon-γ ELISpot for detecting and quantifying gluten-specific CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Evolution in coeliac disease diagnosis and management.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2024Review
- Global Approach to Follow-Up of Celiac Disease.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Intraepithelial Lymphogram in the Diagnosis of Celiac Disease in Adult Patients: A Validation Cohort.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Investigating the Impact of Vitamin A and Amino Acids on Immune Responses in Celiac Disease Patients.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Emerging Pharmaceutical Therapies to Address the Inadequacy of a Gluten-Free Diet for Celiac Disease.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prevalence of vomiting and nausea and associated factors after chronic and acute gluten exposure in celiac disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Gluten-induced RNA methylation changes regulate intestinal inflammation via allele-specificGut · 2022Article
- Whole blood interleukin-2 release test to detect and characterize rare circulating gluten-specific T cell responses in coeliac disease.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- The Gluten Gene: Unlocking the Understanding of Gluten Sensitivity and Intolerance.The application of clinical genetics · 2021Review
- Interplay Between Gluten, HLA, Innate and Adaptive Immunity Orchestrates the Development of Coeliac Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Evolving Landscape of Biomarkers in Celiac Disease: Leading the Way to Clinical Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Patient factors influencing acute gluten reactions and cytokine release in treated coeliac disease.BMC medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiagnosing coeliac disease (CD) in patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD) is difficult. Ingesting gluten elevates circulating interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8 and IL-10 in CD patients on a GFD.
objectiveWe tested whether cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates patients with CD from those with self-reported gluten sensitivity (SR-GS).
methodsAustralian patients with CD (
resultsGluten significantly elevated serum IL-2, IL-8 and IL-10 at 3 and 4 h in patients with CD but not SR-GS. The highest median fold-change from baseline at 4 h was for IL-2 (8.06, IQR: 1.52-24.0;
conclusionsGluten challenge with high-sensitivity cytokine assessment differentiates CD from SR-GS in patients on a GFD and identifies patients likely to tolerate gluten reintroduction. Systemic cytokine release indicating early immune activation by gluten in CD individuals cannot be detected in SR-GS individuals.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.