Trial reportAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP2020
Effectiveness of a Health Education Program to Improve Knowledge and Attitude Towards Cervical Cancer and Pap Smear: A Controlled Community Trial in Malaysia.
Trial report in Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2023Pooled it
- Social Media and mHealth Technology for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Digital Health Strategies for Cervical Cancer Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review of Current Implementations and Gaps in Research.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- From screen to screening: a randomized controlled trial on mHealth vs. traditional training on knowledge, attitudes, practice, self-efficacy, and adherence intention to pap smear.BMC women's health · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The Effects of Theory-Based Educational Intervention and WhatsApp Follow-up on Papanicolaou Smear Uptake Among Postnatal Women in Malaysia: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Trial
- A blended educational intervention program on Pap-test related behavior among Iranian women.Reproductive health · 2021Trial
- Mapping community-based health promotion strategies for cervical cancer screening uptake: A scoping review of intervention components, delivery models and implementation gaps.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Effect of Mindfulness-Based Social-Emotional Learning Approach on Knowledge and Anxiety Levels Regarding Cervical Cancer Prevention.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Health belief model and cervical cancer screening intention among lower socioeconomic women in Malaysia: a pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Digital motivation for cervical cancer screening: A quasi-experimental trial of the SeDAR Video among middle adulthood Malaysian women.PloS one · 2026Article
- Article
- The impact of theory-based educational interventions: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing face-to-face, mobile-based, and control approaches on pap smear acceptance.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Development of an innovative approach for early diagnosis of cervical cancer using TCR‑like antibodies targeting HPV18 E6 and E7 peptides.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- An Opportunity for Developing Cancer Prevention Leadership in Mexico.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2025Article
- Awareness of cervical cancer risk factors and preventive approaches, and perceived causes of cervical cancer among secondary school girls: a cross-sectional study in Northern Uganda.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- The edutainment program on knowledge, perception, and uptake of cervical cancer screening among Muslim women in Southern Thailand: a quasi experimental study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Effectiveness of educational intervention on women's participation to cervical cancer screening: a quasi-experimental study based on PEN-3 model.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Outcomes from integrating anti-cervical cancer teachings into the curriculum of high schools in a South-Eastern Nigerian State.BMC public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe examined the effectiveness of a health education program to improve; knowledge and attitude towards cervical cancer and Pap smear, and uptake of Pap smear test among female entrepreneurs in Kedah, a northern state of Malaysia.
methodsThis controlled community trial involved 210 women from the districts of Alor Setar and Sungai Petani. Simple random sampling was applied to select 105 women from each district. Self-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information about the variables of interest. Health education intervention program included educational talk, demo video, experience sharing, pamphlet distribution, and text message reminders. Evaluation of outcomes was performed twice. The text message reminders acted as the cues to action that were sent between the two evaluation times at one-month interval. Women in the control group received educational talk alone. In the control group, evaluation of outcomes was done only once, which was one month after the educational talk.
resultsKnowledge on cervical cancer and Pap smear, and attitude towards Pap smear among women in both intervention and control group improved significantly at Evaluation stage 1. However, no further improvements were observed in the intervention group at Evaluation stage 2. The uptake of Pap smear in the intervention group increased significantly from 48.0% at Baseline to 68.0% at Evaluation stage 1 (P<0.001), and from 68.0% to 79.0% at Evaluation stage 2 (P<0.001). A significant increase in Pap smear uptake was also seen in the control group from 63.0% at Baseline to 76.0% at Evaluation stage 1 (P=0.003).
conclusionsEducational talk alone was effective in improving knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap smear, attitude towards the test, and the actual uptake of the test. However, text reminders were more effective than having an educational talk alone in increasing uptake of Pap smear test among participants.<br />.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.