ArticleCognitive processing2020
Number is special: time, space, and number interact in a temporal reproduction task.
Article in Cognitive processing, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Neural networks underlying magnitude perception: a specific meta-analysis of fMRI studies.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of spatial training on space-number mapping: a situated cognition account.Psychological research · 2025Article
- Differential roles of brain oscillations in numerical processing: evidence from resting-state EEG and mental number line.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Can a Common Magnitude System Theory Explain the Brain Representation of Space, Time, and Number?Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2022Review
- The influence of children's mathematical competence on performance in mental number line, time knowledge and time perception.Psychological research · 2021Article
- Muscimol-induced inactivation of the ventral prefrontal cortex impairs counting performance in rhesus monkeys.Science progressArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Space, time, and number are among fundamental aspects of behavior and reasoning about the environment. Recent studies have shown that these dimensions highly interact with each other. To explain such interaction, two theories have been proposed: A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM), which posits the existence of a common magnitude system, and Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), which proposes abstract domains such as time and number are mapped through more concrete domains such as space. The present study investigates the interaction of number, time and space in a single experimental paradigm using a temporal reproduction task with a visuospatial component. We also investigated whether mathematical education and continuous involvement with calculations and numbers change the processing precision related to number, time, and space. Two groups of students in mathematics (n = 28) and Persian literature (n = 28) participated in a time reproduction task. The stimuli included Arabic numbers 1, 2, 8, and 9, which were presented to the participants over short (300, 400, 500 ms) and long durations (1000, 1100, 1200 ms) on both sides (left and right) of the monitor. The interaction effect of spatialـnumerical and temporal-numerical was found to be significant. There was no overall time-space interaction, but the triple interaction effect between number, time, and space was significant suggesting the existence of a common representational system. This main result was slightly in line with recent proposed theories. Furthermore, the results showed that the main effect of group was not significant. In addition, we found that among the three factors (number, time, and space) the effect of number is more prominent, i.e., when number disappeared the interaction effect was not observed. The results also suggest that the nature of interactions between these factors is not influenced by cognitive and educational factors. The findings of the study are finally discussed in terms of symmetrical or asymmetrical cross-dimensional influences within the frameworks of ATOM and CMT theories.
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Registered trials
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