ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
HIV Modifies the Effect of Tobacco Smoking on Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanopore sequencing of non-oncogenic oral Papillomaviruses from people living with HIV.Research square · 2025Article
- HPV-associated cancers among people living with HIV: nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study 2004-21 in Estonia.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Patterns of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder attacks in different age groups and sexes depending on the status of immunosuppressive therapy: A retrospective cohort study.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Risk and incidence of head and neck cancers in veterans living with HIV and matched HIV-negative veterans.Cancer · 2022Article
- Oral human papillomavirus prevalence, persistence, and risk-factors in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults.Tumour virus research · 2022Article
- Cervical Cancer and Cervical Cancer Screening in Women with HIV in Guangxi, China: A Model Simulation Study.MDM policy & practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to smoke and harbor oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, putting them at higher risk for head and neck cancer. We investigated effects of HIV and smoking on oral HPV risk.
methodsConsecutive PLWH (n = 169) and at-risk HIV-negative individuals (n = 126) were recruited from 2 US health centers. Smoking history was collected using questionnaires. Participants provided oral rinse samples for HPV genotyping. We used multivariable logistic regression models with interaction terms for HIV to test for smoking effect on oral HPV.
resultsPLWH were more likely to harbor oral HPV than HIV-negative individuals, including α (39% vs 28%), β (73% vs 63%), and γ-types (33% vs 20%). HIV infection positively modified the association between smoking and high-risk oral HPV: odds ratios for smoking 3.46 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-11.94) and 1.59 (95% CI, .32-8.73) among PLWH and HIV-negative individuals, respectively, and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) 3.34 (95% CI, -1.51 to 8.18). RERI for HPV 16 was 1.79 (95% CI, -2.57 to 6.16) and 2.78 for β1-HPV (95% CI, -.08 to 5.65).
conclusionResults show tobacco smoking as a risk factor for oral HPV among PLWH.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.