ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2020
Structural and functional footprint of visual snow syndrome.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual Snow Syndrome as a Network Disorder: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Visual snow syndrome as a neuropsychiatric network disorder: clinical features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Learnings from familial visual snow syndrome: A case series.Headache · 2026Article
- Unmasking the noise: aberrant cortical oscillations in visual snow syndrome.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for visual snow syndrome: symptoms relief and changes in brain dynamics. A case report.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Enhanced neural plasticity of the primary visual cortex in visual snow syndrome: evidence from magnetoencephalographic gamma oscillations.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Somatosensory perception in Visual Snow Syndrome: a comparison to age-, sex- and migraine-matched controls using Quantitative Sensory Testing - no evidence of altered somatosensory thresholds.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Visual Snow Is Susceptible to the Motion Aftereffect.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Neuro-ophthalmic findings of Visual Snow Syndrome in Korea.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Electroencephalographic Resting-State Microstates are Unstable in Visual Snow Syndrome.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Altered functional connectivity strength between structurally and functionally affected brain regions in visual snow syndrome.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of visual snow syndrome in a cohort of young Italian adults.European journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Visual snow syndrome in patients with migraine: widening the clinical spectrum of the syndrome with permanent and episodic manifestations.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Observational
- Alterations of the alpha rhythm in visual snow syndrome: a case-control study.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Abnormal functional hubs in migraine patients: a resting-state MRI analysis about voxel-wise degree centrality.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2024Article
- Visual Snow Syndrome in Patient with Migraine: Case Report and Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Visual Snow: Updates and Narrative Review.Current pain and headache reports · 2024Review
- Right-to-left shunt-associated brain functional changes in migraine: evidences from a resting-state FMRI study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Adapting to Visual Noise Alleviates Visual Snow.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Visual snow syndrome and migraine: a review.Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with visual snow syndrome suffer from a continuous pan-field visual disturbance, additional visual symptoms, tinnitus, and non-perceptional symptoms. The pathophysiology of visual symptoms might involve dysfunctional visual cortex. So far, the extra-visual system has not been investigated. We aimed at identifying structural and functional correlates for visual and non-visual symptoms in visual snow syndrome. Patients were compared to age- and sex-matched controls using 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET (n = 20 per group) and voxel-based morphometry (n = 17 per group). Guided by the PET results, region of interest analysis was done in voxel-based morphometry to identify structural-functional correspondence. Grey matter volume was assessed globally. Patients had corresponding hypermetabolism and cortical volume increase in the extrastriate visual cortex at the junction of the right lingual and fusiform gyrus. There was hypometabolism in the right superior temporal gyrus and the left inferior parietal lobule. Patients had grey matter volume increases in the temporal and limbic lobes and decrease in the superior temporal gyrus. The corresponding structural and functional alterations emphasize the relevance of the visual association cortex for visual snow syndrome. The broad structural and functional footprint, however, confirms the clinical impression that the disorder extends beyond the visual system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.