Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32210966›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020

Relationships Between Immune Landscapes, Genetic Subtypes and Responses to Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer.

Emilie Picard, Chris P Verschoor, Grace W Ma, Graham Pawelec

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 353 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
353citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

353 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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293 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Emilie PicardHealth Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
Chris P VerschoorHealth Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
Grace W MaDepartment of Surgery, Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
Graham PawelecHealth Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly heterogeneous at the genetic and molecular level, which has major repercussions on the efficacy of immunotherapy. A small subset of CRCs exhibit microsatellite instability (MSI), a molecular indicator of defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR), but the majority are microsatellite-stable (MSS). The high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and neoantigen load in MSI tumors favors the infiltration of immune effector cells, and antitumor immune responses within these tumors are strong relative to their MSS counterparts. MSI has emerged as a major predictive marker for the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade over the last few years and nivolumab or pembrolizumab targeting PD-1 has been approved for patients with MSI refractory or metastatic CRC. However, some MSS tumors show DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutations that also confer a very high TMB and may also be heavily infiltrated by immune cells making them amenable to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). In this review we discuss the role of the different immune landscapes in CRC and their relationships with defined CRC genetic subtypes. We discuss potential reasons why immune checkpoint blockade has met with limited success for the majority of CRC patients, despite the finding that immune cell infiltration of primary non-metastatic tumors is a strong predictive, and prognostic factor for relapse and survival. We then consider in which ways CRC cells develop mechanisms to resist ICI. Finally, we address the latest advances in CRC vaccination and how a personalized neoantigen vaccine strategy might overcome the resistance of MSI and MSS tumors in patients for whom immune checkpoint blockade is not a treatment option.

Indexed as

Antigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesColorectal NeoplasmsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyImmunotherapy, AdoptiveMicrosatellite InstabilityPrognosisTumor EscapeAntigens, NeoplasmCancer VaccinesImmune Checkpoint Inhibitorscheckpoint blockadecolorectal cancerimmunoscoreimmunotherapymicrosatellite instabilityneoantigenstumor-infiltrating lymphocytesvaccination

Identifiers

PMID32210966
PMCPMC7068608

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.