ArticleAmerican journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism2020
GRP94 regulates M1 macrophage polarization and insulin resistance.
Article in American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative interactome mapping of skeletal muscle insulin resistance.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Chemotherapy-derived DAMPs drive reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype in hepatocellular carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative multi-omic analysis reveals conserved and derived mechanisms of fin and limb regeneration.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The role of macrophage polarization in organ transplantation: research progress on impact on graft injury, repair, and fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Targeted regulation of adipose tissue macrophages from an immunometabolic perspective: a novel therapeutic approach for obesity-related metabolic disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- ATM interaction with GRP94 modulates oncogenic receptor expression and signaling and microglial activation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- OCT-based vulnerable plaque features and MACE prediction in premature coronary artery disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- A Bibliometric and Knowledge-Map Analysis of Macrophage Polarization in Insulin Resistance From 1999 to 2023.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- The endoplasmic reticulum stress protein GRP94 modulates cathepsin L activity in M2 macrophages in conditions of obesity-associated inflammation and contributes to their pro-inflammatory profile.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2024Article
- The Pivotal Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Endotoxin-induced alterations of adipose tissue function: a pathway to bovine metabolic stress.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview.Frontiers of medicine · 2024Review
- 3-OH Phloretin Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Induced Inflammation by Reducing Macrophage Infiltration into White Adipose Tissue.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Deletion of Spinophilin Promotes White Adipocyte Browning.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Defective Proinsulin Handling Modulates the MHC I Bound Peptidome and Activates the Inflammasome in β-Cells.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Regulation of glucose responsive protein (GRP) gene expression by insulin.Cell stress & chaperones · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptors in sepsis-associated cytokine storm and their endogenous negative regulators as future immunomodulatory targets.International immunopharmacology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophage polarization contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone specialized for folding and quality control of secreted and membrane proteins. To determine the role of GRP94 in macrophage polarization and insulin resistance, macrophage-specific GRP94 conditional knockout (KO) mice were challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and macrophage composition were compared with control mice. KO mice showed better glucose tolerance and increased insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissues from HFD-KO mice contained lower numbers of M1 macrophages, with lower expression of M1 macrophage markers, than wild-type (WT) mice. In vitro, WT adipocytes cocultured with KO macrophages retained insulin sensitivity, whereas those cultured with WT macrophages did not. In addition, compared with WT bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), BMDMs from GRP94 KO mice exhibited lower expression of M1 macrophage marker genes following stimulation with LPS or IFN-γ, and exhibited partially increased expression of M2 macrophage marker genes following stimulation with interleukin-4. These findings identify GRP94 as a novel regulator of M1 macrophage polarization and insulin resistance and inflammation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.