SynthesiseLife2020
The hazards of smoking and the benefits of cessation: a critical summation of the epidemiological evidence in high-income countries.
Synthesis in eLife, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Reduction in total and major cause-specific mortality from tobacco smoking cessation: a pooled analysis of 16 population-based cohort studies in Asia.International journal of epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Association between smoking and colorectal cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology AssociationPooled it
- Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with lower posterior-medial network functional connectivity in older adults.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Acute effects of outdoor and indoor walking on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms and affective response during temporary smoking abstinence.Psychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Article
- Neuropharmacology of Nicotine Addiction and Therapeutic Strategies for Smoking Cessation.Biology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and correlates of e-cigarette use among older adults aged 60 years and over.European geriatric medicine · 2026Article
- Smoking cessation after first STEMI enhances infarct healing: a cardiac MRI study.European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging · 2026Article
- Factors associated with intention to quit smoking in Indonesia: findings from a cross-sectional Global Adult Tobacco Survey.Korean journal of family medicine · 2026Article
- Tobacco dependence and associated factors among smokers aged 15 years and older in Wuxi, China: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- GLP-1 Agonist Attenuates Nicotine Reward-Related Behavior by Regulating the Prepro-Orexin in the Hypothalamus and Prepro-Glucagon in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius.Behavioural neurology · 2026Article
- Association of smoking behaviors with GOLD biological age acceleration and potential mediation: Evidence from NHANES 1999-2023.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Smoking-induced microbial dysbiosis: a key driver of systemic diseases and emerging therapeutic opportunities.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Telomere Length and Mitochondrial Copy Number as Potential Biomarkers for Male Infertility in Iraqi Men.Genes · 2025Article
- Depression or anxiety disorder moderates the relationship between smoking status and e-cigarette use status: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Trends in health-related economic inactivity by smoking status in England, 2013-2025: a population-based analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Segmentectomy Versus Lobectomy in Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis in Northern Italy.Thoracic cancer · 2025Article
- Analysis of Nicotine Toxicity and Mechanisms of Senescence in Nucleus Pulposus Cells Using Network Toxicology and Molecular Docking Technique.JOR spine · 2025Article
- Impact of smoking on cardiovascular health: Mechanisms, epidemiology and specific concerns regarding congenital heart disease.International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease · 2025Review
- Potentially inappropriate polypharmacy is an important predictor of 30-day emergency hospitalisation in older adults: a machine learning feature validation study.Age and ageing · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
In high-income countries, the biggest cause of premature death, defined as death before 70 years, is smoking of manufactured cigarettes. Smoking-related disease was responsible for about 41 million deaths in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, cumulatively, from 1960 to 2020. Every million cigarettes smoked leads to one death in the US and Canada, but slightly more than one death in the UK. The 21
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.