ArticleCell & bioscience2020
Dynorphin activation of kappa opioid receptor promotes microglial polarization toward M2 phenotype via TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Article in Cell & bioscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- MST4 Regulates Microglia Neuroinflammation via Targeting PKM2 Nuclear Translocation in Epilepsy: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Targeting the gut-brain axis: microbial interventions for neurological disorders.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Review
- The actions of morphine on microglia and the underlying effects on associated adverse effects.Psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting neuroinflammation and PVNMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Polysaccharide-rich birch sap attenuates kainic acid-induced acute seizures by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB-mediated inflammation and preserving blood-brain barrier and glutamate homeostasis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The mechanism of dynamic switching between M1/M2 phenotypes of microglia in neuropathic pain: a narrative review.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Astrocytes and Microglia Regulate Opioid Receptor-Driven Cancer Brain Metastasis and Neural Injury: Remodeling the Brain Microenvironment.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Prenatal opioid exposure and maternal HCV infection impair microglia development and function: A patient-specific in vitro model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- CX3CR1-TLR4 Axis as a Shared Neuroimmune Target in COVID-19 and Epilepsy: Integrative Transcriptomics and Gabapentin Repositioning.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- [Huoxue Shufeng Granule alleviates central sensitization in chronic migraine mice via TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory pathway].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025Article
- Necroptosis of hippocampal neurons in paclitaxel chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment mediates microglial activation via TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Profiling and Biological Investigation of the Marine Sponge-Derived FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- β-elemene promotes microglial M2-like polarization against ischemic stroke via AKT/mTOR signaling axis-mediated autophagy.Chinese medicine · 2024Article
- Function and Mechanism of Abscisic Acid on Microglia-Induced Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- AMPK activation attenuates central sensitization in a recurrent nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine mouse model by promoting microglial M2-type polarization.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Receptors on Microglia.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Peptide discovery across the spectrum of neuroinflammation; microglia and astrocyte phenotypical targeting, mediation, and mechanistic understanding.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Microglia and infiltrating macrophages in ictogenesis and epileptogenesis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- IRAK-M Ablation Promotes Status Epilepticus-Induced Neuroinflammation via Activating M1 Microglia and Impairing Excitatory Synaptic Function.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicroglia-mediated neuroinflammation is associated with epilepsy. Switching microglial polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype represents a novel therapeutic strategy for mitigating epileptogenesis. We previously found that dynorphins protected against epilepsy via activation of kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Here, this study aims to investigate the role and the mechanism of dynorphin in regulating microglial polarization.
methodsA pilocarpine-induced rat model of epilepsy was established and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV-2 microglial cells were used as an inflammatory model to explore the mechanism of dynorphin regulating microglial polarization.
resultsOverexpression of the dynorphin precursor protein prodynorphin (PDYN) alleviated the pilocarpine-induced neuronal apoptosis, promoted microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype, and inhibited pilocarpine-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in the hippocampi of epileptic rats. Dynorphin activation of KOR promoted microglial M2 polarization via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. Moreover, dynorphin/KOR regulated microglial M2 polarization inhibited apoptosis of the primary mouse hippocampal neurons.
conclusionIn conclusion, dynorphin activation of KOR promotes microglia polarization toward M2 phenotype via inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.