ArticleInterdisciplinary toxicology2019
Systematic review of the clinical consequences of butyrfentanyl and corresponding analogues.
Article in Interdisciplinary toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Validation of a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Fentanyl and Butyryl Fentanyl in Oral Fluid.Analytical science advances · 2025Article
- Reinforcing effects of fentanyl analogs found in illicit drug markets.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Development and application of a High-Resolution mass spectrometry method for the detection of fentanyl analogs in urine and serum.Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab · 2022Article
- Blood concentrations of new synthetic opioids.International journal of legal medicine · 2022Review
- Treating Non-fentanyl-derived Synthetic Opioid Overdose with a Traditional Opioid Reversal Agent.Cureus · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Butyrfentanyl and its analogues are being increasingly used throughout the United States and Europe. Currently, lethal cases are emerging across the United States, England, and Europe without any end in sight. We therefore performed a systematic review of existing case reports on the literature of butyrfentanyl and similar analogs. We searched PubMed and Embase for articles (up until September 2018) using terms such as "butyrfentanyl" or "butyrylfentanyl." In total, our search found 271 articles and identified 10 for inclusion in this review. A total of 33 cases were found with 61% of those being fatal. The most common route of administration was intravenous, but other routes of administration were readily used such as oral, intranasal, and inhalation. Most cases reported use of concomitant licit and illicit pharmacological agents. The toxidrome was consistent with other opioid overdoses, and naloxone was successfully used in nine of 10 patients. We encourage toxicology screenings of novel fentanyl analogs such as butyrfentanyl or 4-fluorobutyrfentanyl when an opioid overdose of unknown nature presents.
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Registered trials
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