ArticleTobacco regulatory science2018
Biomarkers of Exposure in ENDS Users, Smokers, and Dual Users of American Indian Descent.
Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Tobacco regulatory science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 31% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Among People Who Vape, Smoke, or do Neither: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Pooled it
- The Health Effects of Real-World Dual Use of Electronic and Conventional Cigarettes versus the Health Effects of Exclusive Smoking of Conventional Cigarettes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- 'E-cigarette smoking' is a misleading term: a critical review of its use in academic literature.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use and Nicotine Exposure Among Adults Who Use ENDS Alone or With Cigarettes: The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study 2013-2019.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Estimating lung cancer risk from e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: applications of a tool based on biomarkers of exposure and of potential harm.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- The electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) purchase task: Are results sensitive to price framing?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Vaping-Associated Lung Injury: A Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Recent updates on biomarkers of exposure and systemic toxicity in e-cigarette users and EVALI.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Review
- Relationships Between Race, Gender, and Spot Urine Levels of Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure Vary Based on How Creatinine Is Handled in Analyses.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- The relationship between nicotine metabolism and nicotine and carcinogen exposure among American Indian commercial cigarette smokers and electronic nicotine delivery system users.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Dana Mowls CarrollDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Theodore L WagenerDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Jennifer D PeckDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Lacy S BrameDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
David M ThompsonDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Lancer D StephensDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Janis E CampbellDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
Laura A BeebeDana Mowls Carroll, Postdoctoral Fellow, Tobacco Research Programs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. Theodore L. Wagener, Associate Director for Training, Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Jennifer D. Peck, Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lacy S. Brame, Medical Student, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma City, OK. David M. Thompson, Professor Emeritus, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Lancer D. Stephens, Assistant Professor of Research, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources, Oklahoma City, OK. Janis E. Campbell, Associate Professor of Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. Laura A. Beebe, Professor of Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK.
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center · US
Funding
Tracking and Evaluation CoreU54GM104938 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI JENNIFER DAVID PECK · 2013 to 2026
$68.2MResearch Support CoreP30DA012393 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JACOB, PEYTON, JONES, REESE T. · 1999 to 2024
$17.1MLiquid Chromatograph-Triple Quadrupole Mass SpectrometerS10RR026437 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JACOB, PEYTON · 2010 to 2010
$448kNicotine Metabolism in American Indian Smokers and Electronic Cigarette UsersR36DA042208 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI CARROLL, DANA MOWLS · 2016 to 2016
$70kNCRR NIH HHS S10 RR026437NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA012393NIDA NIH HHS R36 DA042208NIGMS NIH HHS U54 GM104938
Abstract
Objectives: We measured biomarkers of exposure among American Indian (AI) ENDS users, smokers, and dual users. Methods: Urine was analyzed for total nicotine equivalents (TNE) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol(NNAL). Expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) was collected. Two analyses were performed. "CO analysis" included smokers and dual users whose CO was ≥ 6 ppm and ENDS users whose CO was < 6 ppm. "NNAL analysis" included smokers and dual users whose NNAL was ≥ 47.3 pg/mg, and ENDS users whose NNAL was < 47.3 pg/mg. Biomarkers were summarized by geometric means (GM) and compared with nonparametric tests. Results: In both analyses, TNE was no different across the groups, and NNAL and CO were lower in ENDS users. In the NNAL analysis the GM of NNAL was 261.4, 6.1, and 228.0 pg/mg among smokers, ENDS users, and dual users (p < .001). Also in the NNAL analysis, the GM of CO was 14.7, 2.4, and 16.8 ppm among smokers, ENDS users, and dual users (p < .001). Conclusions: ENDS users did not differ in nicotine and had lower exposure to a lung carcinogen and a cardiovascular toxicant than smokers or dual users. Dual users and smokers did not differ in biomarker levels. Results should be used to inform tribal regulations and to educate the AI community on ENDS.
Indexed as
American Indianbiomarkerse-cigaretteENDS
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