ReviewThe Journal of infection2020
Immunologic dysfunction contributes to the otitis prone condition.
Review in The Journal of infection, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Dysregulation of immune response in otitis media.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A bacterial pangenome association study identifies a role for polyamine metabolism and alkaline tolerance in middle ear infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomics in infancy reveals early signatures of a stringently-defined otitis-prone phenotype.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2026Article
- Immune Development in Early Life (IDEaL) longitudinal cohort study protocol: Identifying biomarkers of vaccine responsiveness, respiratory infection, and asthma.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025Article
- Bacterial profile, their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors of otitis media among children at selected private hospitals in Hargeisa City, Somaliland.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Eighteen-Year Longitudinal Study of Uncomplicated and Complex Acute Otitis Media During the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era, 2006-2023.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Variability in Vaccine Response and Trajectory in Early Childhood and Association With Demographic Variables, Antibiotic Exposure, and Infection Proneness.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing acute otitis media in children at Vietnam National Children's Hospital: a cross-sectional study.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a cause of acute otitis media in Colombia: A prospective study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Respiratory infection- and asthma-prone, low vaccine responder children demonstrate distinct mononuclear cell DNA methylation pathways.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Respiratory Infection- and Asthma-prone, Low Vaccine Responder Children Demonstrate Distinct Mononuclear Cell DNA Methylation Pathways.Research square · 2024Article
- Otitis media: recent advances in otitis media vaccine development and model systems.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Overcoming barriers: a review on innovations in drug delivery to the middle and inner ear.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Reduced Steroid Metabolites Identify Infection-Prone Children in Two Independent Pre-Birth Cohorts.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Surfactant proteins and innate immunity of otitis media.Innate immunity · 2022Review
- Antibiotic Use and Vaccine Antibody Levels.Pediatrics · 2022Article
- Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Influenza and Other Respiratory Illnesses in Acute Otitis Media-Prone Children.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Probing Immune-Mediated Clearance of Acute Middle Ear Infection in Mice.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Innate Immunity in the Middle Ear Mucosa.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a multifactorial disease occurring mostly in young children who are immunologically naïve to AOM pathogens. This review focuses on work from Rochester NY, USA over the past 12 years among young children who had AOM infections microbiologically-confirmed by tympanocentesis, so called "stringently-defined". Among stringently-defined otitis prone children deficiencies in fundamental immune defense mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the propensity of young children to experience recurrent AOM. Dysfunction in innate immune responses that cause an immunopathological impact in the nasopharynx have been discovered including inadequate proinflammatory cytokine response and poor epithelial cell repair. Adaptive immunity defects in B cell function and immunologic memory resulting in low levels of antibody to otopathogen-specific antigens allows repeated infections. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell function and memory defects significantly contribute. The immune profile of an otitis prone child resembles that of a neonate through the first year of life. Immunologic deficits in otitis prone children cause them to be unusually vulnerable to viral upper respiratory infections and respond inadequately to routine pediatric vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.