ReviewPsychological medicine2020
A mechanistic model for individualised treatment of anxiety disorders based on predictive neural biomarkers.
Review in Psychological medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transdiagnostic reduction in cortical choline-containing compounds in anxiety disorders: aMolecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression in parents of children with special needs: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Neurochemical Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- In search of convergent regional brain abnormality in cognitive emotion regulation: A transdiagnostic neuroimaging meta-analysis.Human brain mapping · 2022Pooled it
- Characterizing functional connectivity gradients for the hippocampus-amygdala complex in healthy and psychiatric cohorts.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Non-Response After Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Maintenance-Mechanism-Based Clinical Taxonomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The mechanism of parvalbumin interneurons regulating glutamatergic neurons involvement in stress induced anxiety in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Chronic unpredictable mild stress induces anxiety-like behavior in female C57BL/6N mice, accompanied by alterations in inflammation and the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of High-Frequency and Low-Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Right Median Nerve in the Regression of Clinical and Neurophysiological Manifestations of Generalized Anxiety Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mediating Effects of Neural Targets on Depression, Weight, and Anxiety Outcomes of an Integrated Collaborative Care Intervention: The ENGAGE-2 Mechanistic Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Alleviating anxiety and taming trauma: Novel pharmacotherapeutics for anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- COBMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Anxiety and amygdala connectivity during movie-watching.Neuropsychologia · 2022Article
- Coronavirus stress and overeating: the role of anxiety and COVID-19 burnout.Journal of eating disorders · 2022Article
- 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Alleviates Anxiety-Like Behavior Induced by Chronic Alcohol Exposure in Mice Involving Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B in the Amygdala.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Article
- Review
- Activation of Functional Brain Networks in Children With Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Kinesiophobia as a Barrier to Symptom Management Using Physical Activity When undergoing Cancer Therapy: A Preparatory Study Describing Patients' Experiences With the New Instrument Tampa-Scale for Kinesiophobia-Symptoms and Interviews.Integrative cancer therapiesArticle
- From fears of evaluation to social anxiety: The longitudinal relationships and neural basis in healthy young adults.International journal of clinical and health psychology : IJCHPArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Increased amygdala responsiveness is the hallmark of fear and a characteristic across patients with anxiety disorders. The amygdala is embedded in a complex regulatory circuit. Multiple different mechanisms may elevate amygdala responsiveness and lead to the occurrence of an anxiety disorder. While top-down control by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) downregulates amygdala responses, the locus coeruleus (LC) drives up amygdala activation via noradrenergic projections. This indicates that the same fearful phenotype may result from different neural mechanisms. We propose a mechanistic model that defines three different neural biomarkers causing amygdala hyper-responsiveness in patients with anxiety disorders: (a) inherent amygdala hypersensitivity, (b) low prefrontal control and (c) high LC drive. First-line treatment for anxiety disorders is exposure-based cognitive behavioural therapy, which strengthens PFC recruitment during emotion regulation and thus targets low-prefrontal control. A treatment response rate around 50% (Loerinc et al., 2015, Clinical Psychological Reviews, 42, 72-82) might indicate heterogeneity of underlying neurobiological mechanisms among patients, presumably leading to high variation in treatment benefit. Transforming insights from cognitive neuroscience into applicable clinical heuristics to categorise patients based on their underlying biomarker may support individualised treatment selection in psychiatry. We review literature on the three anxiety-related mechanisms and present a mechanistic model that may serve as a rational for pathology-based diagnostic and biomarker-guided treatment selection in psychiatry.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.