SynthesisEye (London, England)2020
A systematic review of simulation-based training tools for technical and non-technical skills in ophthalmology.
Synthesis in Eye (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Identifying Research Priorities in Digital Education for Health Care: Umbrella Review and Modified Delphi Method Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Simulation-Based Training in Vascular Surgery.The Journal of surgical research · 2022Pooled it
- Virtual reality training for cataract surgery operating performance in ophthalmology trainees.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Essentials of setting up a wet lab for ophthalmic surgical training in COVID-19 pandemic.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Pooled it
- A randomized cohort study on the use of 3D printed models to enhance surgical training in suturing techniques.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Weight-adjusted caffeine and β-blocker use in novice versus senior retina surgeons: a self-controlled study of simulated performance.Eye (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of simulation-based training for manual small incision cataract surgery among novice surgeons: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Association of Weight-Adjusted Caffeine and β-Blocker Use With Ophthalmology Fellow Performance During Simulated Vitreoretinal Microsurgery.JAMA ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Teaching ophthalmic microsurgical skills: conventional microscopy versus heads-up visualization.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Validity assessment for technical skills and stress management of the HelpMeSeeActa ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Objective structured assessment of posterior capsular rupture management.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Prediction of ocular length in hypotony condition: a measurement study using immersion ultrasound biometry and Dino-LiteScientific reports · 2026Article
- Comparative experience of phaco-I and kitaro eye models among ophthalmology trainees in Malaysia: A preliminary study.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Simulation-based mastery learning for nasolacrimal duct probing in ophthalmology residency: a prospective pre-post educational study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Virtual reality simulator-based assessment of non-technical skills in eye surgery: managing complex cataract surgery.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Article
- Perception of online learning, knowledge assessment, and clinical skills among third-year ophthalmology residents studying during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality in Ophthalmic Surgical Education: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives [Letter].Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality in Ophthalmic Surgical Education: Current Innovations and Future Perspectives.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To evaluate all simulation models for ophthalmology technical and non-technical skills training and the strength of evidence to support their validity and effectiveness. A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Embase for studies published from inception to 01/07/2019. Studies were analysed according to the training modality: virtual reality; wet-lab; dry-lab models; e-learning. The educational impact of studies was evaluated using Messick's validity framework and McGaghie's model of translational outcomes for evaluating effectiveness. One hundred and thirty-one studies were included in this review, with 93 different simulators described. Fifty-three studies were based on virtual reality tools; 47 on wet-lab models; 26 on dry-lab models; 5 on e-learning. Only two studies provided evidence for all five sources of validity assessment. Models with the strongest validity evidence were the Eyesi Surgical, Eyesi Direct Ophthalmoscope and Eye Surgical Skills Assessment Test. Effectiveness ratings for simulator models were mostly limited to level 2 (contained effects) with the exception of the Sophocle vitreoretinal surgery simulator, which was shown at level 3 (downstream effects), and the Eyesi at level 5 (target effects) for cataract surgery. A wide range of models have been described but only the Eyesi has undergone comprehensive investigation. The main weakness is in the poor quality of study design, with a predominance of descriptive reports showing limited validity evidence and few studies investigating the effects of simulation training on patient outcomes. More robust research is needed to enable effective implementation of simulation tools into current training curriculums.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.