ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2020
Major p53 immunohistochemical patterns in in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the vulva and correlation with TP53 mutation status.
Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Vulvar Cancer - Update 2023.International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · 2023Guideline
- A Phase II Basket Trial of Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors SWOG S1609: Vulvar Cancers.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Molecular subtypes of stage III vulvar squamous cell carcinoma predict recurrence and survival outcomes.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical expression of p53 is a helpful surrogate marker in the differential diagnosis of primary ovarian mucinous tumors: a large study of 181 cases of mucinous borderline tumor and carcinoma.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Article
- Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Scientific Progress and Impacts to Pathology Practice.International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists · 2026Review
- Pathologic and multi-omic characterization of de novo neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: A single center experience.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Risk stratification and anal cancer screening in immunocompetent women with genital HPV: Value of multicentric HSIL and performance of HPV-based screening.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Evaluation of HER2 and Nectin-4 Expression in Primary Vaginal Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53 Provides Substantial Agreement With Molecular Tests in Penile Cancer.Pathology international · 2026Article
- Squamous Cancers and Precancers of the Vulva: Emerging Diagnostic, Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Pathology.Cancers · 2026Review
- Human papilloma virus infection and mismatch repair protein expression in sebaceous neoplasms of the genital area.Histopathology · 2026Article
- IHC p53 Performance in NordiQC: Recalibration of IHC Assays is Needed.Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM · 2026Article
- Histological and Molecular Evaluation of HPV in Primary Tumors and Lymph Node Metastases of Penile Cancer.Cancers · 2026Article
- Synchronous Cervical and Vulvar High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions with Unusual p16/p53 Immunophenotype: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the expanding spectrum of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions with focus on morphologic and molecular nuances.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Association between ultraviolet-related TP53 mutations and immune microenvironment in equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Use of p53 immunohistochemistry can improve diagnostic agreement for differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN): an international reproducibility study.Histopathology · 2026Article
- From biology to morphology and treatment: the current role of pathology in penile cancer - a narrative review.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Stratifying the risk of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion among immunosuppressed women with genital HPV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The recent literature has shown that vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) can be stratified into two prognostically relevant groups based on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. The prognostic value of p53 for further sub-stratification, particularly in the HPV-independent group, has not been agreed upon. This disagreement is likely due to tremendous variations in p53 immunohistochemical (IHC) interpretation. To address this problem, we sought to compare p53 IHC patterns with TP53 mutation status. We studied 61 VSCC (48 conventional VSCC, 2 VSCC with sarcomatoid features, and 11 verrucous carcinomas) and 42 in situ lesions (30 differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia [dVIN], 9 differentiated exophytic vulvar intraepithelial lesions [deVIL], and 3 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia [HSIL/uVIN]). IHC for p16 and p53, and sequencing of TP53 exons 4-9 were performed. HPV in situ hybridization (ISH) was performed in selected cases. We identified six major p53 IHC patterns, two wild-type patterns: (1) scattered, (2) mid-epithelial expression (with basal sparing), and four mutant patterns: (3) basal overexpression, (4) parabasal/diffuse overexpression, (5) absent, and (6) cytoplasmic expression. These IHC patterns were consistent with TP53 mutation status in 58/61 (95%) VSCC and 39/42 (93%) in situ lesions. Cases that exhibited strong scattered staining and those with a weak basal overexpression pattern could be easily confused. The mid-epithelial pattern was exclusively observed in p16-positive lesions; the basal and parabasal layers that had absent p53 staining, appeared to correlate with the cells that were positive for HPV-ISH. This study describes a pattern-based p53 IHC interpretation framework, which can be utilized as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutational status in both VSCC and vulvar in situ lesions.
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