ArticleModern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc2020
INSM1 expression in a subset of thoracic malignancies and small round cell tumors: rare potential pitfalls for small cell carcinoma.
Article in Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathological and molecular perspectives on thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumors and SMARCA4-deficient non-small cell lung carcinomas.Pathologica · 2025Review
- Review
- Expression of insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) in gastric neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine neoplasms.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Insulinoma-associated protein-1 (INSM-1) is a useful diagnostic marker for the evaluation of primary thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 27 cases.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Structural insights into a highly flexible zinc finger module unravel INSM1 function in transcription regulation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Framework for the Pathology Workup of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Biopsies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Review
- Neuroendocrine and squamous cell phenotypes of NUT carcinoma are potential diagnostic pitfalls that discriminating it from mimickers, such as small cell and squamous cell carcinoma.Diagnostic pathology · 2024Article
- Musashi-1 Is a Novel Immunohistochemical Marker of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung.Cancers · 2023Article
- The Complex Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Tumors-An Overview of the Latest Classifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- INSM1 promotes breast carcinogenesis by regulating C-MYC.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- NOL4 is a novel nuclear marker of small cell carcinoma and other neuroendocrine neoplasms.Histology and histopathology · 2022Article
- Next-generation sequencing analysis suggests varied multistep mutational pathogenesis for endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma with comments on INSM1 and MUC2 suggesting a conjunctival origin.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2022Article
- Overview of the 2022 WHO Classification of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Endocrine pathology · 2022Review
- Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: recent progress and persistent challenges.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2022Review
- INSM1, a Novel Biomarker for Detection of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Cytopathologists' View.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Common Pitfalls in Ewing Sarcoma and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor Diagnosis Seen in a Study of 115 Cases.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
INSM1 is a diagnostic marker for neuroendocrine tumors originating in multiple anatomic sites. In the lung, INSM1 shows 76-97% sensitivity for neuroendocrine tumors overall. Our aim was to characterize INSM1 as a diagnostic marker for small cell carcinoma in the context of its epithelial, lymphoid, and mesenchymal morphologic mimics. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 231 tumors, including lung neuroendocrine tumors, nonneuroendocrine carcinomas of the thoracic cavity, diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and small round cell sarcomas, using an anti-INSM1 mouse monoclonal antibody. Extent (0-100%) and intensity (1-3+) of nuclear INSM1 staining was multiplied in each case to calculate an H-score. Demographic and clinical information was obtained from the medical record. INSM1 had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 81.5% and 82.7% for small cell carcinoma, respectively, using a threshold established with a receiver operating characteristic curve. 40/48 (82.7%) small cell carcinomas were positive for INSM1, including 19/24 (79%) small cell carcinomas that were negative for chromogranin and synaptophysin. 5/5 carcinoids and 21/28 (75%) large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas showed INSM1 expression. Among nonneuroendocrine tumors, 7/38 (18%) lung adenocarcinomas, 2/17 (12%) lung squamous cell carcinomas, 4/10 (40%) thymic carcinomas, 4/12 (33%) adenoid cystic carcinomas, 1/19 (5%) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, 4/11 (36%) alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, and 4/23 (17%) Ewing sarcomas were positive for INSM1. No synovial sarcomas or desmoplastic small round cell tumors were positive. Weak, focal INSM1 expression alone is insufficient as a diagnostic marker for small cell carcinoma, but is sensitive and specific, easy to interpret in small biopsies, and makes a valuable addition to a diagnostic panel.
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