ReviewExpert opinion on pharmacotherapy2020
Selecting a pharmacotherapy regimen for patients with chronic insomnia.
Review in Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep aid usage following benzodiazepine receptor agonist tapering and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in middle-aged and older adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Acupotomy at spinal acupoints for primary insomnia: an exploration of therapeutic effectiveness.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- A Modified Delphi Consensus on Optimal Pharmacological Management of Insomnia: Insights from a Malaysian Perspective.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2025Review
- A Cross-Sectional Study on the Drug Use of Insomnia in a Chinese Medicine Hospital in Shenzhen.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Addressing Sleep Disorders in Psychiatry: Comparing the Use of Melatonin, Trazodone, and Doxepin.Cureus · 2024Article
- The Function of Sleep and the Treatment of Primary Insomnia.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2023Review
- Article
- Association Between Hypnotic Use and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Insomnia.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Severe chronic abuse of zolpidem for over 10 years: a case report and review of similar cases.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Functional Connectivity Density in the Sensorimotor Area is Associated with Sleep Latency in Patients with Primary Insomnia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- B serum proteome profiles revealed dysregulated proteins and mechanisms associated with insomnia patients: A preliminary study.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Article
- Clinical Efficacy of the Chinese Herbal Medicine Shumian Capsule for Insomnia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2022Article
- Advances in the Treatment of Chronic Insomnia: A Narrative Review of New Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Therapies.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionChronic insomnia, whether it is primary or in combination with another medical or psychiatric disorder, is a prevalent condition associated with significant morbidity, reduced productivity, increased risk of accidents, and poor quality of life. Pharmacologic and behavioral treatments have equivalent efficacy with each having its own advantages and limitations. AREAS COVERED: The purpose of this perspective is to delineate the limitations encountered in implementing cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and to review the pharmacological treatments designed to target the different phenotypes of insomnia. The discussions address how to choose the optimal medication or combination thereof based on patients' characteristics, available medications, and the presence of comorbid conditions. Selective nonbenzodiazepine sedative 'Z-drug' hypnotics, melatonin receptor agonist-ramelteon, and low-dose doxepin are the agents of choice for treatment of primary and comorbid insomnia. EXPERT OPINION: A pharmacological intervention should be offered if cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia is not available or has failed to achieve its goals. Increasing evidence of the significant adverse consequences of long-term benzodiazepines should limit the prescription of these agents to specific conditions. Testing novel dosing regimens with a combination of hypnotic classes augmented with CBT deserve further investigation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.