Trial reportOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2020
Three-year observation of children 12 to 35 months old with untreated intermittent exotropia.
Trial report in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01032330 (A Randomized Clinical Trial of Observation Versus Occlusion Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia), which is not on this map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Observation Versus Occlusion Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Esotropia and Exotropia Preferred Practice Pattern®.Ophthalmology · 2023Guideline
- Review
- Observational
- Factors influencing the success of patch therapy in patients with intermittent exotropia: a retrospective case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Based Identification of Children With Intermittent Exotropia Using Multiple Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Making stereopsis related to the ability of ocular deviation: a new paradigm for assessment of intermittent exotropia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Altered static and dynamic functional connectivity in childhood basic-type intermittent exotropia.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Ambulatory Monitoring With Eye Tracking Glasses to Assess the Severity of Intermittent Exotropia.American journal of ophthalmology · 2023Observational
- Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Exophoria Exhibit Non-aggravated Lens Decentration After Orthokeratology Application: The Nanjing Strabismus Cohort.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo describe the clinical course of untreated intermittent exotropia (IXT) in children 12-35 months of age followed for 3 years.
methodsWe enrolled 97 children 12-35 months of age with previously untreated IXT who had been randomly assigned to the observation arm of a randomised trial of short-term occlusion versus observation. Participants were observed unless deterioration criteria were met at a follow-up visit occurring at 3 months, 6 months, and 6-month intervals thereafter for 3 years. The primary outcome was deterioration of the IXT by 3 years, defined as (1) a constant exotropia ≥10 prism dioptres (∆) at distance and near (i.e., motor deterioration) or (2) treatment prescribed despite not having met motor deterioration. The primary analysis used the Kaplan-Meier method to determine the cumulative proportion of participants meeting deterioration by three years and 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsThe cumulative probability of deterioration by 3 years was 28% (95% CI = 20%-39%). Of the 24 participants meeting the primary outcome of deterioration, seven met motor deterioration and 17 were prescribed treatment without meeting motor deterioration. The cumulative probability of motor deterioration by 3 years was 10% (95% CI = 5%-19%).
conclusionsGiven the modest rate of motor deterioration over three years, watchful waiting may be a reasonable management approach in 12- to 35-month-old children with IXT. To confirm this recommendation would require a long-term randomised trial of immediate treatment versus observation followed by deferred treatment if needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.