ArticleNeuro-oncology advances
Primary CNS lymphoma commonly expresses immune response biomarkers.
Article in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unraveling the immune microenvironment in primary CNS lymphoma.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Plasmablast-like lymphoma cells as a distinct subpopulation confer multidrug resistance in PCNSL.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Nivolumab in Relapsed or Refractory Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Multicenter, Retrospective Study.Cancer research and treatment · 2025Article
- Identification of genomic biomarkers of disease progression and survival in primary CNS lymphoma.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Targeting PD-L1 for PCNS-DLBCL: from molecular effects to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Higher tumor mutational burden and PD-L1 expression correlate with shorter survival in hematologic malignancies.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Article
- The role of comorbidity indices and histochemical markers in surgically resected and non-resected primary central nervous system lymphoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Clinicopathological analysis and specific discriminating markers of interleukin detection in cerebrospinal fluid with primary central nervous system lymphoma: results from a retrospective study.Annals of hematology · 2023Article
- The Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Immunotherapy for Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Checkpoint inhibition in hematologic malignancies.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Article
- The molecular hallmarks of primary and secondary vitreoretinal lymphoma.Blood advances · 2022Article
- Whole-Genome/Exome Sequencing Uncovers Mutations and Copy Number Variations in Primary Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Strategies to overcome CAR-T cell resistance in clinical work: A single-institute experience.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Molecular characteristics of immunocytes infiltration in primary central nervous system lymphoma.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma: A mini-review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Is CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy a smart strategy to combat central nervous system lymphoma?Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Novel insights into the biomarkers and therapies for primary central nervous system lymphoma.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Review
- Central Nervous System Lymphoma: Novel Therapies.Current treatment options in oncology · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is rare and there is limited genomic and immunological information available. Incidental clinical and radiographic responses have been reported in PCNSL patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. MATERIALS AND
methodsTo genetically characterize and ascertain if the majority of PCNSL patients may potentially benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors, we profiled 48 subjects with PCNSL from 2013 to 2018 with (1) next-generation sequencing to detect mutations, gene amplifications, and microsatellite instability (MSI); (2) RNA sequencing to detect gene fusions; and (3) immunohistochemistry to ascertain PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was calculated using somatic nonsynonymous missense mutations.
resultsHigh PD-L1 expression (>5% staining) was seen in 18 patients (37.5%), and intermediate expression (1-5% staining) was noted in 14 patients (29.2%). Sixteen patients (33.3%) lacked PD-L1 expression. PD-1 expression (>1 cell/high-power field) was seen in 12/14 tumors (85.7%), uncorrelated with PD-L1 expression. TMB of greater than or equal to 5 mutations per megabase (mt/Mb) occurred in 41/42 tumors, with 19% (
conclusionsBased on TMB biomarker expression, over 90% of PCNSL patients may benefit from the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.