ArticleBMJ open ophthalmology2020
Prevalence and associated risk factors of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Article in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07640256 (Safety and Efficacy of Peribulbar Anesthesia for Pain Management in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy During Panretinal Photocoagulation), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Efficacy of Peribulbar Anesthesia for Pain Management in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy During Panretinal Photocoagulation
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association Between Serum Vitamin D3 Levels and Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Case-Control Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities at Enrollment in DRCRnet Clinical Trials for Diabetic Macular Edema.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Assessing variation in US payer coverage of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic macular edema.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Article
- Article
- Diabetic Macular Edema in the Western Part of Romania: Screening to Improve Patient Outcomes.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors in Diabetic Retinopathy: An Attractive but Elusive Choice for Drug Development.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Article
- Development and validation of a simple and practical model for early detection of diabetic macular edema in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using easily accessible systemic variables.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Observational
- Risk Factors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Latin America (Mexico) and the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The extracellular microenvironment in immune dysregulation and inflammation in retinal disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Tofacitinib Ameliorates Retinal Vascular Leakage in a Murine Model of Diabetic Retinopathy with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- High glucose treatment promotes extracellular matrix proteome remodeling in Mller glial cells.PeerJ · 2021Article
- Influencing factors for peripheral and posterior lesions in mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy-the Kailuan Eye Study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME) and their associated risk factors in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We carried out a cross-sectional study from April 2014 to August 2017. We included patients aged ≥18 years. Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of >7.8 mmol/L or 2-hour postload plasma glucose of >11.1 mmol/L. Non-mydriatic fundus examination with a digital-fundus camera was performed. Three images centred in the macula, optic disc and temporal to the macula were obtained and graded according to the Scottish Scale Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy.
results1232 patients (mean age 51.5 years) with a diabetes duration of 0-5 years were examined. Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of DR and DME was 17.4% (95% CI 15.3% to 19.6%) and 6.6% (95% CI 5.4% to 8.2%), respectively. DR was associated with diabetes duration (OR per year=1.20, p<0.001), haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from 7.0 to 8.9 (OR=2.19, p<0.001), HbA1c≥9 (OR=2.98, p<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (OR=1.16 per 5 mm Hg, p<0.001). DME was associated with diabetes duration (OR per year=1.26, p<0.01), HbA1c from 7.0 to 8.9 (OR=2.26, p<0.05), HbA1c≥9 (OR=2.38, p<0.01), SBP (OR per mm Hg=1.15, p<0.001) and albuminuria (OR=2.45, p<0.01).
conclusionOur study contributes to the evidence of progressive increase in DR and DME risk in early stages of diabetes, supporting the urgent need for early screening.
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