ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2020
Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide as Measure of Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Daily Alcohol Intake and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.JAMA network open · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term exposure to air pollution and metabolites in children and young adults in a Swedish birth cohort.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Prenatal substance use and mental health comorbidities predict continued use.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- The metabolomic signature of weight loss and remission in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT).Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of moderate alcohol intake and alcoholic beverages: a systematic literature review.Genes & nutrition · 2023Review
- Consensus and Controversy in the Debate over the Biphasic Impact of Alcohol Consumption on the Cardiovascular System.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide as Measure of Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality compared with heavy drinkers and abstainers. To date, studies have relied on self-reported consumption, which may be prone to misclassification. Urinary ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is an alcohol metabolite and validated biomarker for recent alcohol consumption. We aimed to examine and compare the associations of self-reported alcohol consumption and EtG with CVD and all-cause mortality. Methods and Results In 5676 participants of the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease) study cohort, EtG was measured in 24-hour urine samples and alcohol consumption questionnaires were administered. Participants were followed up for occurrence of first CVD and all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and CVD risk factors, were fitted for self-reported consumption, divided into 5 categories: abstention, 1 to 4 units/month (reference), 2 to 7 units/week, 1 to 3 units/day, and ≥4 units/day. Similar models were fitted for EtG, analyzed as both continuous and categorical variables. Follow-up times differed for CVD (8 years; 385 CVD events) and all-cause mortality (14 years; 724 deaths). For both self-reported alcohol consumption and EtG, nonsignificant trends were found toward J-shaped associations between alcohol consumption and CVD, with higher risk in the lowest (hazard ratio for abstention versus 1-4 units/month, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.02-1.98) and highest drinking categories (hazard ratio for ≥4 units/day versus 1-4 units/month, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.68-1.84). Neither self-report nor EtG was associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusions Comparable associations with CVD events and all-cause mortality were found for self-report and EtG. This argues for the validity of self-reported alcohol consumption in epidemiologic research.
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