ArticleCirculation2020
Isoflavone Intake and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in US Men and Women: Results From 3 Prospective Cohort Studies.
Article in Circulation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolving Research Focus on Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of 298 Cohort Studies Published from 2019 to 2024.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Nutrition journal · 2024Pooled it
- Soy Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Intake of Soy, Soy Isoflavones and Soy Protein and Risk of Cancer Incidence and Mortality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of a Mediterranean-Inspired Diet on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- A Non-Probiotic Fermented Soy Product Reduces Total and LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Converting Equol Nonproducers to Producers: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Isoflavone Intake is Associated With Decreased Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Morbidity.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Genistein Restores Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertensive Mice.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Soybean Synergies: A Comprehensive Review on Novel Extraction Techniques and Their Role in Unlocking Health Potential.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Beyond GLP-1 Agonists: An Adaptive Ketogenic-Mediterranean Protocol to Counter Metabolic Adaptation in Obesity Management.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Associations Between MASLD, Ultra-Processed Food and a Mediterranean Dietary Pattern in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Elevated urinary phytoestrogens are associated with delayed biological aging: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Lignan Intake and Type 2 Diabetes Incidence Among US Men and Women.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Transformation profiles of the isoflavones in germinated soybean based on UPLC-DAD quantification and LC-QTOF-MS/MS confirmation.Food chemistry: X · 2024Article
- The Heterogeneity of Post-Menopausal Disease Risk: Could the Basis for Why Only Subsets of Females Are Affected Be Due to a Reversible Epigenetic Modification System Associated with Puberty, Menstrual Cycles, Pregnancy and Lactation, and, Ultimately, Menopause?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Biotics and bacterial function: impact on gut and host health.The ISME journal · 2024Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhether soy products confer health benefits related to coronary heart disease (CHD) remains controversial because of inconsistent evidence.
methodsA total of 74 241 women from the NHS (Nurses' Health Study; 1984-2012), 94 233 women from the NHSII (Nurses' Health Study II; 1991-2013), and 42 226 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2012), who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline, were included in the present analysis. Dietary data were updated every 2 to 4 years using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Nonfatal myocardial infarction and CHD deaths were adjudicated through reviewing medical records, death certificates, and other medical documents.
resultsIn these cohorts, 8359 incident CHD cases were documented during 4 826 122 person-years of follow-up. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, isoflavone intake was inversely associated with CHD (pooled hazard ratio [HR] comparing the extreme quintiles: 0.87 [95% CI, 0.81-0.94];
conclusionsHigher intake of isoflavones and tofu was associated with a moderately lower risk of developing CHD, and in women the favorable association of tofu were more pronounced in young women or postmenopausal women without hormone use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.