ArticleJournal of cell communication and signaling2020
In silico analyses of the tumor microenvironment highlight tumoral inflammation, a Th2 cytokine shift and a mesenchymal stem cell-like phenotype in advanced in basal cell carcinomas.
Article in Journal of cell communication and signaling, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Melanoma of unknown primary: a comprehensive review of immune-mediated pathogenesis and therapies.The oncologist · 2025Pooled it
- Immune-stromal dysregulation and senescence in chronic spontaneous urticaria.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2026Article
- Nonresponse of basal cell carcinomas to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy for melanoma: A case series.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- The immune landscape of melanoma microenvironmental crosstalk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Sonidegib Experience in the Treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy in Basal Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Therapeutic Advances in Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Article
- Gene-Environment Analyses in a UK Biobank Skin Cancer Cohort Identifies Important SNPs in DNA Repair Genes That May Help Prognosticate Disease Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Comparison of the Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) Tumour Microenvironment to Other Solid Malignancies.Cancers · 2023Article
- National trends in incidence and geographic distribution of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma in the Russian Federation.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Analysis of multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) arising in one individual highlights genetic tumor heterogeneity and identifies novel driver mutations.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2022Article
- The Use of Retinoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Cancers: An Updated Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Contributions of Cancer-Testis and Developmental Genes to the Pathogenesis of Keratinocyte Carcinomas.Cancers · 2022Review
- Nodular and Micronodular Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtypes Are Different Tumors Based on Their Morphological Architecture and Their Interaction with the Surrounding Stroma.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Integrin αCancers · 2021Review
- The transcriptional landscape analysis of basal cell carcinomas reveals novel signalling pathways and actionable targets.Life science alliance · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) represents the most common form of all cancers. BCC is characteristically surrounded by a fibromyxoid stroma. Previous studies have suggested a shift towards a Th2 response, an increase in T regulatory lymphocytes and the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the BCC tumor microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the BCC tumor microenvironment in detail by analyzing BCC RNA-Sequencing data and correlating it with clinically-relevant features via in silico RNA deconvolution. Using immune cell type deconvolution by CIBERSORT, we have identified a brisk lymphocytic infiltration, and more abundant macrophages in BCC tumors compared to normal skin. Using cell type enrichment by xCell, we confirmed the observed immune infiltration in BCC tumors and compared them to normal skin. We observed a shift towards Th2 immunity in advanced and vismodegib-resistant tumors. Tumoral inflammation induced by macrophage activity was associated with advanced BCCs, while lymphocytic infiltration was most significant in non-advanced tumors, likely related to an adaptive anti-tumoral response. In advanced and vismodegib-resistant BCCs, mesenchymal stem cell-like properties were observed. Particularly in vismodegib-resistant BCCs, fibroblasts and adipocytes were found at high number, which ultimately may contribute to the decreased drug delivery to the tumor. In conclusion, this study has revealed notable BCC tumor microenvironment findings associated with important clinical features. Microenvironment-altering agents may be used locally for "routine" BCCs and systematically for advanced or resistant BCCs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.